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The Relationship Between the Public and Print Media Agendas on National Issues in Pakistan

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Riaz, Saqib

Program

PhD

Institute

Allama Iqbal Open University

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Social sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/144

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725122946

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We are living in a media-driven world where we all are influenced by the media messages. Media play an important role in setting the agenda of the public. The agenda setting role of media has been recognized world wide and a number of research studies have been conducted all over the world to investigate this role of media. Perhaps this study is the first ever research to investigate the agenda setting role of media in Pakistan. This research project was based on the content analysis as well as survey research. Media agenda was measured through content analysis of the two major national newspapers of the country. The daily Dawn and the daily Jang were selected for the content analysis because the earlier one is the largest widely circulated English newspaper and the later one is the largest widely circulated Urdu newspaper of the country. Six most important issues were identified for the content analysis including the issues of terrorism, Indo-Pak relations, energy crisis, food crisis, judiciary crisis and Lal Masjid (red mosque issue). These issues were selected because of their importance and vast coverage in media throughout the study period of one year. The public agenda about these issues was measured through the survey research. A comprehensive questionnaire was got filled by the readers of the both newspapers separately. The ranking order of the issues along with their most important source of information about the issue was measured. The results of the survey research (public agenda) were then compared with the findings of the content analysis (media agenda). According to the results, it was found that the agenda setting theory worked except the issues of the food and energy crises. These two issues got more importance in the public agenda than the media agenda because of the personal suffering of the 5audience members because the respondents themselves were facing the problems of the food shortage and power cut-off. It means that the personal problems of the public are not dependent on media agenda to become the public agenda. However, for the remaining issues of the study, there was strong relationship between the media and the public agenda. Another finding of this study was that the both newspapers had a different set of news agenda except the issue of the food crisis which got fourth position in the frequency as well as length wise measurement of the both newspapers. It was found that the readers of the both newspapers followed the agenda of the newspaper which they read (except the issues of the food and energy crises). Most of the respondents stated print media as the most important source of information which strengthens the findings of this study that formulation of the public opinion was mainly a result of print media agenda (except the two issues). The public opinion about the issues of the study has been found having a good relationship with the slant and framing of the issues in these newspapers except the issues of the food and energy crises where the public opinion was found against the media slant. The media slant and framing about these two issues was in favor of the government but the maximum public opinion was found against the government regarding these issues. It means that media could not alter the public opinion about the issues of individuals’ personal problems and sufferings.
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مولانا محمد عثمان

مولانا محمد عثمان
افسوس ہے چند ماہ ہوئے مولانا محمد عثمان صاحب کا بھی اپنے وطن مالیگاؤں میں انتقال ہوگیا۔مولانا دارالعلوم دیوبند کے فارغ التحصیل تھے، استعداد پختہ تھی۔ یوں تو ان کومناسبت اوردلچسپی کم وبیش ہرفن سے تھی تاہم تفسیر اور حدیث ان کا خاص فن تھے۔ ایک عرصہ تک مالیگاؤں کے مختلف مدارس میں استاد رہے لیکن ان کی زندگی کاسب سے بڑااوراہم کارنامہ جوان کے لیے بقائے دوام کا ضامن ہے، مسلمان لڑکیوں کے لیے درس نظامی کاوہ عظیم الشان مدرسہ ہے جومالیگاؤں میں جامعۃ الصالحات کے نام سے معروف ومشہور ہے، اب تو لڑکیوں کے لیے بڑے بڑے عربی مدارس ادھراُدھر اوربھی کئی ایک ہوگئے اور ہوتے جارہے ہیں لیکن صوری اورمعنوی دونوں اعتبار سے جامعۃ الصالحات کو یک گونہ شرف فضیلت و تقدم حاصل ہے اوریہ سب کچھ نتیجہ ہے مولانا مرحوم کے اخلاص ومحبت،محنت ومشقت اور ذوق تعمیر وحسن انتظام کا۔
راقم نے کئی مرتبہ جامعہ کی دورۂ حدیث کی طالبات کاامتحان لیاہے اور ہرمرتبہ طالبات کے صحیح اور برمحل جوابات سے دل نے مسرت محسوس کی ہے۔ ان کو جامعۃ الصالحات سے عشق تھا، شب وروز اس کے کاموں میں مصروف رہتے تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کوعلماوصلحا کا مقام جلیل عطافرمائے اورجامعۃ الصالحات کوکسی قسم کے شر اورضررسے محفوظ رکھے۔ [جولائی۱۹۸۴ء]

 

الإمام زفر: أصوله الفقهية وآرائه المفتي بها في تفسير الأحكام

Compilation and codification of Islamic jurisprudence is a great achievement of the Islamic literary history. The productivity andfertility of the mind of the Muslims Scholars was a true and brilliant field of cognitive process. Ilanafi school of thought display in these Muslims societies from practice point of view always dominated. In this respect the Imam Zufar (RA) (110AH) had been a great scholar in Ilanafi Canon with his unique multi-dimensional features and characteristics. Nevertheless, He iras a prominent jurist, Muhaddis, Justice and Mujtahid. He paved a different path to have difference of opinion with his great teacher Imam Abu Hanifa as well as with the rest offamous jurists. This article emphasis on those principles along with examples that at the end evolved to have become his exclusive principles for inference of the Shari. ahka am. This article will also highlight his versatile scholary life and will help the researchers to investigate about his seminal work.

Effects of Lysine Levels With Digestible Amino Acids on Growth Performance, Carcass Evaluation, Productive and Reproductive Traits of Aseel Chicken

This study evaluated the effect of varying dietary lysine (Lys) levels on growth, meat quality, productive and reproductive performance of Aseel chicken. Study was carried out in three phases, during first phase effect of dietary lysine (Lys) regimens was evaluated on growth performance and meat composition of Aseel chicken (Experiment 1). In total 540 birds, 180 from three Aseel varieties were studied. A Randomized Complete Block Design in factorial arrangement, with 9 treatments of 6 replicates with 10 birds each, was applied. Treatments consisted of 3 varieties [Mianwali (MW), Peshawari (PW), and Lakha (LK)] and 3 Lys levels [1.35% (L1); 1.3% (L2); and 1.25% (L3)]. Growth performance (feed intake, weight gain, and feed: gain ratio) and meat composition (dry matter, ash, crude protein, and fat contents) were evaluated. In phase two, effect of dietary Lys regimens was evaluated on subsequent growth (7-18 weeks) of Aseel chicken (Experiment 2). In total 378 birds, 126 from three Aseel varieties. A Randomized Complete Block Design under factorial arrangement, with 9 treatments of 6 replicates with 7 birds each, was employed. Treatments consisted of 3 varieties [Mianwali (MW), Peshawari (PW), and Lakha (LK)] and 3 Lys levels [1.35% (L1); 1.3% (L2); and 1.25% (L3)]. Growth performance (feed intake, weight gain, and feed: gain ratio) were evaluated. In phase three, effect of dietary Lys regimens was evaluated on productive performance, egg characteristics and hatching traits of Aseel chickens (Experiment 3). In total 63 females and 9 males of 26 weeks were studied. Randomized Complete Block Design under factorial arrangement, with 9 treatments of 7 replicates with 7 females and 1 male each, was employed. Treatments consisted of 3 varieties [Mianwali (MW), Peshawari (PW), and Lakha (LK)] and 3 Lys levels [1.35% (L1); 1.3% (L2); and 1.25% (L3)]. Productive performance (egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed per dozen eggs and feed per Kg egg mass), egg characteristics (shape index, surface area and volume) and hatching traits (fertility and hatchability) were evaluated. Data were analyzed through factorial ANOVA using GLM procedures in SAS software, considering varieties and Lys levels as main effects and sex as block effect. Turkey’s HSD test was used to compare treatment means considering 5% probability level. There was significant influence of varieties and Lys levels on growth and meat quality. Improved WG (P=0.0002; 424.1±8.1) and F: G (P=0.0006; 2.84±0.05) was observed in MW variety as compared to PW (WG: 411.5±6.3; F: G=2.95±0.05) and LK (WG: 401.5±9.3; F: G=3.02±0.08). Among different (P<.0001) Lys regimens, higher and medium levels in the diet resulted in improved WG (423.3±8.2; 428.2±4.9), F: G (2.79±0.05; 2.80±0.03) and reduced FI (1175.8±3.7; 1198.0±5.4). Among dietary treatments medium dietary Lys regimen showed improved WG, F: G and final WG. Increased dry matter (P=0.0036; 73.80±0.17), lower ash contents (P<.0001; 1.23±0.03) and lower crude protein (P=0.0064; 21.97±0.17) contents were observed in thigh at medium Lys levels, whereas only difference (P=0.0150; 1.30±0.04) in ash was found in breast with low Lys diet. While, the breast muscle ash % was lower for MW and PW variety (P<.0001; 1.30±0.03, 1.31±0.05). In subsequent phase results indicated higher WG (P<.0001; 1244.4±15.2) and improved F: G (P<.0001; 2.82±0.03) in MW variety compared to PW (WG: 1113.1±10.4; F: G: 3.05±0.02) and LK (WG: 1161.5±8.75; F: G: 2.94±0.03). For dietary treatments medium dietary Lys regimen showed improved WG, F: G and final WG. Increased dry matter (P=0.0176; 75.03±0.17), lower ash contents (P=0.026; 1.59±0.05) and lower crude protein (P=0.0175; 19.77±0.17) contents were observed in thigh under medium Lys levels, whereas the difference (P=0.0479) in CP was found only in breast, where L1 (22.30±0.17) and L2 (22.37±0.16). Carcass characteristics including slaughtering weight, dressed weight and dressing percentage showed higher (P<0.05) values in medium Lys dietary treatments. Among varieties MW variety showed overall enhanced carcass characteristics. In production and reproduction phase results showed differences in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion per dozen and feed conversion per kg egg mass with in varieties, where PW variety showed higher egg production (P<0.0001; 40.9±0.54), MW and LK showed higher egg weight (P<0.0001; 46.52±0.55,45.19±0.65), PW and MW showed higher egg mass (P<0.0001, 1728.3±31.9, 1684.2± 39.1), PW showed lower feed conversion per dozen eggs (P<0.0001; 2.35±0.03) and PW and MW indicated lower feed conversion per kg EM (P=<0.0001; 6.52±0.12, 6.72±0.15) and interaction of variety and dietary treatments. Similarly egg geometry and egg quality parameters showed differences with in varieties where MW variety showed higher egg length (P<.0001; 54.57±0.50), lower shape index (P<.0001; 73.69±0.92), higher egg volume (P<.0001; 42.5±0.50), higher egg surface area (P<.0001; 59.7±0.47) and interaction of variety and dietary treatments, where MW in interaction with medium Lys regimen. Improved hatching traits were found for fertility (P<.0001; 82.1±0.67) and hatchability (P<.0001; 59.9±0.65) in PW variety, moreover, PW variety in interaction with Lys regimens showed higher fertility (P<.0001) and hatchability (P<.0001). Fertility and hatchability did not show any significant variation in response to dietary treatments. It was concluded that 1.30% digestible Lys level regimen can be used to improve the early and subsequent growth rate of Aseel chicken. Similarly, improved growth due to dietary Lys in juvenile phase has interaction with varieties in improving productive and reproductive performance of Aseel. Mianwali variety due to its higher growth may be exploited as a meat-type chicken.