The aim of this research was to investigate the role of psychological capital Teachers’ Job Commitment and students’ academic Achievements: A Case Study of University of Peshawar with special reference to higher education institute i.e. University of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), province of Pakistan. The objectives of the study were to explore the psychological capital of teachers, the effect of psychological capital on teacher’s job commitment and to ascertain the effect of psychological capital on students’ achievements at tertiary level. The research study was conducted at University of Peshawar. The following null hypotheses were tested: 1) Psychological Capital has no significant effect on teachers’ job commitment. 2) Psychological Capital has no significant effect on students’ academic achievements.3) Teachers job commitment has no a significant effect on students’ academic achievements.4) There is no a significant difference of psychological capital and teachers’ job commitment (M, F) on students’ academic achievements. The research study was descriptive and co-relational/causal in nature as it aimed to describe the respondents attributes e.g. (age, gender etc) and establish relationship with the other factors such as psychological capital, teachers job commitment and student academic performance. The population of this research study was the entire teaching faculty (male and female) of the University of Peshawar. The total population of the study was 637 teachers of the University of Peshawar. The researcher utilizes survey method of data collection as it constructed and administered questionnaire to collect the data from respondents i.e. lecturers, assistant professors, associate professors and professors of University. The sample of the study consisted of 245 teaching faculty. For data gathering, the probability sampling technique i.e. stratified random sampling with proportionate allocation method was used. The data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using an inferential statistical tool (Regression and T-test). To meet the objective number (i) to (v), the researcher used the Hierarchal Linear Regression Model. For measuring objective number (vi), the researcher used independent sample T-test. The result of correlation amid psychological capital, teacher’s job commitment and students’ academic achievement shows that there exists significant positive relationship between variables. Hierarchal Linear Regression analysis was conducted to examine the hypothesized relationship among the variables. The findings of the study exhibit that 1) the absence of psychological capital amid teachers is directly proportional to student’s poor academic grades, 2) those teacher’s in which psychological capital doesn’t exist their students not get higher marks in their assignment, mid-term and final term examinations, 3) those teacher’s in which job commitment doesn’t exist their students not get higher marks in their assignments, mid-term and final-term examination as compared to those teacher’s in which psychological capital exist, 4) The teacher’s job commitment was found a significant predictor of student better academic achievement, 5) the students of more committed teacher with higher psychological capital will get good grades and higher marks in their assignment, mid-term and final-term marks, 6) the committed teacher will give good lectures to their students with great synergy and impact. This in return, leads to the better student learning, enhance student knowledge and social skills. The study recommends that the management of University of Peshawar should make special attention for the enhancement of teacher’s psychological capital and their commitment in the job via training interventions.
A well Known book Durr al-Mukhtār has great importance in Ḥanafī School of thought. This is mainly due to its conciseness and comprehensiveness. This is why most of Ḥanafī Scholars has worked on it by editing the manuscripts and writing scholarly footnotes annotation which numbered more than sixty. Al-Durr al-Mukhtār has remained law book in sub-continent. Sindhi scholars have also written commentaries and footnotes on this master piece of the latter Ḥanafī school of thought. This paper attempts to introduce these standard works in detail.
In the last century, there has been extensive research on our brain and many mathematical models and theories have been developed which describe the dynamical behavior of neurons. One of them is the widely known, Hodgkin-Huxley model. The Hodgkin-Huxley model for space clamp situation (uniform voltage over a patch of nerve membrane) is a mathematical model consisting of 4 nonlinear ordinary differential equations that describe membrane action potentials in neurons. Before this work, these equations could only be solved by numerical techniques and analytical solutions were not found. In this work, efforts are put to find the analytic solution of the Hodgkin-Huxley model by using Homotopy Perturbation Method. Homotopy Perturbation Method was developed by Ji-Huan He (1998) by merging two techniques, the standard homotopy and the perturbation technique for solving linear, nonlinear, initial and boundary value problems. Further, the solution is compared with the experimental results found by Hodgkin and Huxley. In this work, the first-order approximate analytic solution of the space-clamped Hodgkin Huxley model has been computed and algorithm for a higher-order solution is given. For plotting the solution, MATHEMATICA is used. It is found that the first-order solution can describe many key properties of the Hodgkin-Huxley model. Further, besides some differences, the general agreement of the first-order solution of space-clamped Hodgkin-Huxley Equations by Homotopy Perturbation Method with experimental results is good. Homotopy Perturbation The method is proved to be a convenient and efficient method to find an approximate or exact analytic solution of nonlinear differential equations