42. Ash-Shura/The Consultation
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
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a. Ha. Mim.
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a. `Ayn. Sin. Qaf.
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a. Likewise Allah, The Almighty, The All-Wise reveals on to you – O The Prophet - as HE did
to those Prophets before you.
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a. Whatever is within the celestial realm and whatever is within the terrestrial world belongs to HIM,
b. for HE is All-Exalted, All-Supreme.
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a. The celestial realm above them will almost burst apart, in awe of HIM, exalted be HE,
b. while the angels glorify the Praise of their Rabb- The Lord, and
c. seek forgiveness of whoever is on the earth.
d. Indeed, Allah is The Oft-Forgiving to the one who repents, The Infinitely Compassionate
towards the one who lives repentantly.
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a. And as for those who take protectors other than HIM,
b. Allah is Ever-Watchful over them, and
c. you - O The Prophet - are not a guardian over them.
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a. And so WE have revealed onto you a Qur’an in Arabic -
b. so you may warn people of the Mother of all Cities – Makkah – and communities and lands
around it.
c. And warn them of the coming of the Time of Assembly, about which there is absolutely no doubt,
d. when a group of them will be in the Paradise, and a group in the Blazing Fire.
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a. And if Allah had so wanted, HE could have easily made them all into one single community
of believers,
b. but HE...
The frequently fluctuating price of palm oil causes palm oil farmers in Tanjung Kudu, Kualu Village, to take action to overcome their family's economic problems as a result of prices fluctuating drastically. The aim of this research is to determine the behavior of oil palm farmers in facing price fluctuations and to determine the Islamic economics review of the behavior of oil palm farmers in facing price fluctuations in Tanjung Kudu, Kualu Village. This research is field research located in Tanjung Kudu, Kualu Village. The informants in this research were 10 oil palm farmers with the criteria being farmers who had a plantation area of more than 2 hectares and had worked for a minimum of 5 years. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis is descriptive qualitative. It was found that oil palm farmers carry out various kinds of behavior to increase family income, such as working side jobs, becoming farm laborers, construction workers, traders, and others. Some of the oil palm farmers' wives also help in increasing the family's income by opening small businesses such as opening a breakfast business, a daily shop business, and a laundry business. The behavior of oil palm farmers in facing price fluctuations applies the principle of honesty, always trying to earn a living, not being discouraged, never giving up, being responsible for family needs, and not being lazy in working.
This dissertation has been divided into four chapters and each chapter has its own numbering of compounds and references. General introduction related to the importance of natural products and natural product based drugs, drug designing and value of lead molecules in drug designing. This research work describes synthesis and bioactivities of different class of heterocycles such as thiazole, oxadiazole and indole analogs in search of important therapeutic agents. During this research study, a variety of thiazole, oxadiazole and indole analogs were synthesized and screened for enzyme inhibition studies (thymidine phosphorylase, α-glucosidase, urease and β-glucuronidase activities). The results obtained from this study are encouraging which are discussed separately in the forthcoming chapters 1, 2 and 3. In the first chapter, thiazole analogs are described. In the thiazole series, sixteen analogs (1-16) were synthesized and evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potential. Out of sixteen analogs, nine analogs such as analogs 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 15 showed good phosphorylase inhibitory potentials when compared with the standard 7-Deazaxanthine. The remaining seven analogs showed moderate to good activity. In 2nd chapter, oxadiazole analogs are described. Sixteen analogs (1-16) of oxadiazole were synthesized and evaluated for thymidine phosphorylase activity. Out of sixteen analogs, fourteen analogs such as analogs 1-7 and 9-15 showed excellent thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory potentials which is many folds better than the standard 7-Deazaxanthine. Analog 16 showed good inhibitory potential while analog 8 remain inactive among the series. In chapter third, three series of indole are described. In first series, We have synthesized thirty-two (32) bis-indolylmethane analogs (1-32) with varying degree of β-glucuronidase inhibition potential ranging in between 0.10 ± 0.01 to 48.50 ± 1.10 μM when compared with the standard drug D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50 value 48.30 ± 1.20 μM). All of thirty-two analogs 1-32, showed outstanding β-glucuronidase inhibitory potentials. In second series, eighteen derivatives (1-18) of bis-indolylmethane thiosemicarbazide were synthesized and evaluated for their urease inhibitory potential. These derivatives displayed varying degree of inhibition in the range of 0.14 ± 0.01 to 18.50 ± 0.90 μM when compared with the standard inhibitor thiourea having an IC50 value 21.25 ± 0.90 μM. All derivatives showed outstanding urease inhibitory potentials which are many folds better than the standard thiourea. In third series, twenty one analogs of tris-indole hybrid scaffold with oxadiazole ring (1-21) were synthesized and evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. All compounds displayed superior α-glucosidase inhibitory activities having IC50 value in the range of 2.00 ± 0.01-292.40 ± 3.16 μM as compared to standard acarbose (IC50 = 895.09 ± 2.04 μM). In chapter four, procedures for different biological assay are described.