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Time Management Paractices Used by Secondary School Heads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Khan, Iqbal Amin

Program

PhD

Institute

Gomal University

City

Dera Ismail Khan

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10531/1/Iqbal%20Amin%20Khan_Edu_2017_Gomal_PRR.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725146989

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Time management is the art of arranging, organizing, scheduling, and budgeting one’s time for the purpose of generating more effective work and productivity. The basic philosophy behind this concept is the completion of tasks within an expected timeframe, while maintaining outcome quality through mechanisms such as planning, organizing, prioritizing or multitasking. This descriptive study investigated the time management practices used by secondary school heads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The objectives of the study were to: (a) know the perceptions of Secondary school heads about time management practices and work management styles (b) find out the major problems faced by secondary school principals in managing their time effectively for performing their responsibilities efficiently in the existing time management literature (c) compare the perceptions of secondary school principals about (TMP) regarding gender, level, nature, and locality of school (d) To find out the relationship between the (TMP) used by secondary school Heads and teachers’ job satisfaction (e) investigate the relationship between the frequency of use of (TMP)and level of schools (secondary or Higher secondary), locality of schools (urban or rural), type of schools (Government or private), complexity of school, principals’ time management training, years of service experience, principals’ gender, principals’ work management styles, and their flexibility in using these work-management styles. It studied 372 secondary schools through the perceptions of 372 principals and 744 teachers regarding time management practices. The study focused on the six core categories of time management practices i.e. scheduling contacts, managing meetings, delegating tasks, managing paperwork, establishing priorities and handling interruptions. Self constructed questionnaires were used as a survey instruments for collection of data from the selected participants. Descriptive Statistics, Student test (t-test), Correlation and Regression were performed to analyze the data. The findings indicated that secondary school principals were strong in the area of managing paper work, delegation of tasks, establishing priorities and establishing priorities but weak in scheduling contacts and managing meetings, as a whole, was above average which showed that more need to be done and improved. Time management practices used by secondary school heads and its impact on teachers’ job satisfaction were dependent variables whereas demographic variables of heads were proxy to measure time management practices level of their use in schools. The study revealed that no significant differences were found regarding using of time management practices with respect to gender of principals and locality of school whereas significant differences were found regarding nature of school and level of school. Time management training, level of school, level of school and complexity of school has significant relationship with Time management practices whereas gender of principals, experience as a principal, locality of school, work management styles of principals and teachers’ job satisfaction has not significant relationship with TMP.All the time management practices used by secondary school heads were positively correlated to one another. The study revealed that nature of school, locality of school, level of school, complexity of school as significant predictors of principals’ time management practices. It also revealed lack of insufficient training in this area, multitasking approach, poor planning, handling interruptions, unnecessary paperwork and lack of teachers’ job satisfaction as top determinants to principals’ time management in schools. The study adds to academic knowledge, provides a solid foundation for future research in the area of time management assurance and offers recommendations for time management assurance in secondary schools.
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شیخ محمد عبداﷲ [وزیر اعلیٰ جموں و کشمیر ]

شیخ محمد عبداﷲ
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ ماہ ستمبر کی۸/تاریخ کو شیخ محمد عبداﷲ، وزیر اعلیٰ ریاست جموں وکشمیر کاانتقال۷۷برس کی عمر میں ہوگیا۔ ان کی وفات سے ریاست کی نہایت پیچیدہ سیاسیات میں جو خلا پیداہوگیا ہے اس کا پُرہونا بظاہر ناممکن ہے۔ شیخ صاحب کی شخصیت کتنی قدآور اورکس درجہ بھاری بھر کم تھی اس کااندازہ اس سے کیا جاسکتا ہے کہ۱۹۵۳ء میں جب کہ وہ ریاست جموں وکشمیر کے وزیر اعلیٰ تھے ان کو سینٹرل گورنمنٹ نے اس عہدہ سے برخاست ہی نہیں کیا،بلکہ فوج اورپولیس کی عظیم جمعیت کے زیر سایہ انہیں گرفتار بھی کرلیا۔اس کے بعد مجموعی طورپرکم وبیش اٹھارہ سال شیخ صاحب نے نظربندی اوراسارت میں بسر کیے۔اس سلسلہ میں ان پر سازش کامقدمہ بھی چلایا گیا اورقسم قسم کے الزامات لگائے گئے جوبے بنیاد ثابت ہوئے، لیکن شیخ کی نظر بندی قائم رہی۔شیخ کھلے دماغ اورصاف ذہن کے آدمی تھے، وہ کٹر کشمیری تھے، جوکچھ سوچتے،خالص کشمیر اور اہل کشمیر کے مفاد میں سوچتے اورپھرجو فیصلہ کرلیتے اس پر مضبوطی سے قائم رہتے،کسی قسم کاخوف یاکوئی لالچ اس فیصلہ سے ان کومنحرف نہیں کرسکتا تھا۔ انھوں نے ہندوستان سے الحاق کافیصلہ بھی کسی دباؤ میں نہیں کیاتھا لیکن ساتھ ہی ان کا نظریہ یہ تھا کہ دوسری ریاستوں کے مقابلہ میں کشمیر کے لیے دستوری طورپر چند خصوصی رعایتوں کاحاصل ہونا ضروری ہے نیز یہ کہ کشمیر کامسئلہ برصغیر کی دو حکومتوں کے درمیان جو بس کی گانٹھ بناہواہے اس صورت حال کودوستانہ طریقہ پر ختم ہونا چاہیے کیونکہ جب تک یہ صورت حال قائم رہے گی ریاست جموں وکشمیر کو امن و اطمینان کے ساتھ ترقی کرنے، پھلنے پھولنے کاموقع نہیں ملے گا اور کشمیریوں میں بُعدوافتراق کی دیوار سدِّسکندری بن کر ایسی حائل رہے گی کہ رشتہ داریاں ختم ہوجائیں گی۔
شیخ کی معزولی اوراسارت کے بعد ریاست...

قذف اور پاکستانی معاشرہ: اسلامی حوالے سے تنقیدی جائزہ

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Cytogenetic and Molecular Analysis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia at Hyderabad Sindh.

BACKGROUND: Leukemia is defined as a neoplastic proliferation of hematopoietic tissue of white blood cell precursors in bone marrow CML accounts for 20% of all leukemias in adult patients. One of the characteristic findings in CML subjects is the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and Bcr-Abl oncogene. Philadelphia (Ph) is the shortened chromosome 22, formed by reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, t (9; 22). OBJECTIVES OF STUDY: — To determine the frequency of Philadelphia chromosome in CML. — To evaluate the standard and variant translocation in CML. — To determine frequency of other chromosomal abnormalities in Philadelphia +ve CML. — To detect bcr-abl gene rearrangement and to determine the frequency of the b2a2 and b3a2 transcripts in Philadelphia + CML by PCR. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro and Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad during May-to-September 2014. Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from a total of 145 diagnosed cases of CML were collected. Cytogenetic analyses were performed using karyotyping as per the international system for human cytogenetic nomenclature guidelines. All karyotpic images were analyzed using the Cytovision software. In order to identify BCR-ABL transcripts, RT-PCR was performed. Statistical analysis of the data was done using SPSS-version-21.0. Results: Of the 145 samples, a total of 133 (91.7%) were positive for the Ph (Ph+) while 12 (8.2%) were negative for the Ph (Ph-). Of the 133 Ph+ samples, standard chromosome was noted in 121 (90.9%), simple variant in 9 (6.7%) and complex variants in 3 (2.2%) of the samples. All the Ph+ samples (n=133) showed BCR-ABL positivity. Of the 12 Ph- samples, a total of 7 (58.3%) were BCR-ABL-positive and 5 (41.6%) were BCR-ABL-negative. Various types of molecular abnormalities were noted in in responders and in non responders as shown in table below. Out of 11 patients, who responded on Glivec, 8 patients showed b3a2 transcripts abnormality while 3 cases had b2a3 abnormality. Both non-responders showed b2a2 + e 19a2 transcripts. CONCLUSION: Philadelphia frequency of 90.9%. Out of 133 Ph +ve all were bcr-abl +ve while out of 12 Ph-ve 7 were bcr-abl +ve while 5 were –ve. Cytogenetic and molecular analysis has become mandatory in order to make a correct diagnosis and predict/monitor response to newer molecular targeted treatment modalities. KEY WORDS: Philadelphia chromosome, BCR-ABL, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, cytogenetic analyses, Sindhi population.