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Home > Toxicological Evaluation of Volatile Compounds in Photocopy/ Toner Refilling Workers

Toxicological Evaluation of Volatile Compounds in Photocopy/ Toner Refilling Workers

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Javed, Houda

Program

PhD

Institute

Lahore College for Women University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Environmental Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11988/1/Houda%20Javed%20envir%20sci%202019%20lcwu%20lhr%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725148574

Similar


Electronic equipments are considered to be indispensable commodities globally. Photocopiers are notable initiator of indoor air pollution ascribable to emissions in terms of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Ozone and Ultrafine particles. Assorted studies inter-related photocopying and printing operations with genotoxic potential, immunological and pulmonary illnesses. In the work shift, photocopying operators are exposed to substantial chemical compounds. The current prevalence of health concerns and the effects of chemical exposure in employees of photocopying centers are still unknown in Pakistani population. The current study was aimed to contemplate the photocopying work environment and to explore the associated health effects. The real time monitoring of TVOCs and Ozone was performed to interpret the spatial and temporal variability in the indoor air quality of photocopying centers (n=200) of Lahore, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was designed using representative employees from photocopying centers (n=100) compared to a Control group (n=100) to evaluate the health issues associated with the exposure. The concentrations of specific VOCs i.e., Benzene, Toluene and Styrene were assessed in both the study groups using HPLC. Moreover, the hematological parameters, total protein content and lipid peroxidation level as indicator of oxidative stress were discerned. The Pulmonary Function Testing was performed using Spirometry. The genotoxic potential of the chemicals was investigated by the DNA damage and cell death indicators in the buccal mucosal cells.In photocopying centers, the average concentration for TVOC and Ozone were detected to be 0.683 mg/m3 and 161.59 µg/m3 respectively. The TVOC concentration existed to be in multifactorial or discomfort zone. The baseline characteristics in terms of age, weight and height etc of both the study groups i.e. Experimental and Control group were not significantly different. The concentrations of Benzene, Toluene and Styrene were found to be significantly different between Experimental and Control Groups. Most of the hematological parameters were found to be significantly different between Experimental and Control groups except for PLT, LYM#, MXD#, PDW and P-LCR. The biochemical parameters in terms of Total Protein content, Albumin and Globulin were computed to be significantly different between Experimental and Control groups. The plasma LPO level was assessed to be significantly higher in Experimental group (2.25+0.60 µM/L) as compared to the Control group (1.19+0.26 µM/L). Findings showed that the plasma LPO was positively correlated with exposure duration (years) in Experimental group (R 0.729) with high statistical significance (p<0.001). The frequencies of DNA damage and Cell death indices viz., MN, BN, KR and KL were observed to be significantly different between Experimental and Control groups. The DNA damage and cell death indices were found to be positively correlated with the exposure duration. The values were found to be statistically significant for MN (R 0.285) and BN (R 0.250). The PFT indices were computed to be not significantly different between the study groups except for %PRED FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio and FEF75. In Experimental study group, FVC, %PRED FVC and FEV1 were observed to be negatively correlated with the exposure duration (years). The plasma LPO was computed to be negatively correlated with %PRED FVC and %PRED FEV1. The findings of the current study reflected the indoor air quality of the photocopying centers in Lahore, Pakistan. Meanwhile, it highlighted the physical ailments and health issues that may be encountered in response to the emissions in the workplace. In order to avoid occupational health hazards, it is highly recommended to ensure the existence of healthy and ecofriendly workplace. The recommendations proposed in this study will potentially contribute towards public health awareness.
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تاہنگ وصل دی

تاہنگ وصل دی
دیس ماہی دے جانا میرا ہویا بہت ضروری اے
مکھ دلبر دا تکنا ای تکنا ایہہ میری مجبوری اے
ساون وانگوں برسن اکھیاں
وچ اڈیکاں سوں نہ سکیاں
جنھاں یار دیاں تاہنگاں رکھیاں
اوہ رہندیاں وچ حضوری اے
دیس ماہی دے جانا میرا ہویا بہت ضروری اے
مکھ دلبر دا تکنا ای تکنا ایہہ میری مجبوری اے
دل دا سودا کرے نہ کوئی
کرے جو موتوں ڈرے نہ سوئی
شاہ منصور دے نال جو ہوئی
عشقے دی مجبوری اے
دیس ماہی دے جانا میرا ہویا بہت ضروری اے
مکھ دلبر دا تکنا ای تکنا ایہہ میری مجبوری اے

جس دل عشق حضوری آوے
محبوباں دے دل نوں بھاوے
کدھرے وی اوہ چین نہ پاوے
رہندا وچ صبوری اے
دیس ماہی دے جانا میرا ہویا بہت ضروری اے
مکھ دلبر دا تکنا ای تکنا ایہہ میری مجبوری اے
شرع شریف نوں جو اپناندے
جگ وچ کوئی نہ تُل انہاندے
اسیں ویں یار مدینے جاندے
جے ہووے منظوری اے
دیس ماہی دے جانا میرا ہویا بہت ضروری اے
مکھ دلبر دا تکنا ای تکنا ایہہ میری مجبوری اے
قادریؔ! توں نہ یاد بھلاویں
دلبر توں نہ مکھ پرتاویں
جان منگے تاں دیر نہ لاویں
پھڑ چال چلن منصوری اے
دیس ماہی دے جانا میرا ہویا بہت ضروری اے
مکھ دلبر دا تکنا ای تکنا ایہہ میری مجبوری اے

سیرت نبوی کی روشنی میں بغاوت (خروج) سے متعلق احکامات کا تحقیقی جائزہ

Islam orders to obey the ruler and not to indulge in activities that may cause disruption & instability of an Islamic state. This research discusses rules & regulations based on sīrah about rebellion (khurūj), and relevant topics from Islamic Jurisprudence. The basic question of this research is whether revolt against the ruler is permissible and what would be the punishment? This research elaborates four types of rebellion. Rulings of Muslim scholars regarding rebellion are subjected to the different positions of rulers. According to all school of thoughts the khurūj is not permitted if the ruler is lawful and serving his community with justice. In contrary, there is difference of opinions about the tyrannous and iniquitous ruler. This article concluded that majority of Muslim Scholars do not permit khurūj in any case, some others laid down very strict conditions in this regard.

Psychosocial Determinants and Consequences of Psychopthic Trends Among Forensic and Non-Forensic Samples

The present research project was designed to study the psychosocial determinants and consequences of psychopathic trends in forensic and non-forensic samples. The sequential explanatory mixed methods research design was used. The project comprised three phases. In phase I of the study, two study measures: Self- Reported Psychopathy Scale-III-R (Paulhus, Neumann & Hare, 2009) and Tromoso Social Intelligence Scale (Silvera, Martinussen, & Dahl, 2001) were translated and validated. Phase II was designed to assess the determinants and consequences of psychopathic trends in forensic and non-forensic samples. In Phase II, a correlational survey study was carried out on a non-forensic sample (n= 550) and a forensic sample (n= 200) with 500 men and 250 women of age range between 20-44 years (M age= 29.0; SD= 6.8). The forensic sample was taken from District and Central jails of Faisalabad city while, the comparable nonforensic sample was selected from the general population of Punjab province. Demographic data sheet, Self- Report Psychopathy Scale (Paulhus et al., 2009), Social Intelligence Scale (Silvera et al., 2001), Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Rohner, 2005), Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well Being (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) were used to collect the data. The results of regression analyses revealed that three negative personality predispositions (viz., dependency, negative self- adequacy and emotional unresponsiveness), two factors of social intelligence (viz., social information processing and social awareness), psychopathic trends (primary and secondary), and demographic variables (gender and job-type: government and private) appeared as the significant predictors of psychological well- being while, negative personality predispositions (composite score, a subtype of negative personality disposition: self- esteem), and income groups significantly predicted satisfaction with life. In mediational path analysis, psychopathic trends appeared as significant mediators between overall negative personality predispositions, psychological well- being and life satisfaction; similarly, in another mediation model, psychopathic trends mediated the relationship between social intelligence, psychological well -being and life satisfaction. In MANOVA, group differences appeared on three study variables (i.e., psychopathic trends, negative personality predispositions, and psychological well- being) in terms of gender, and on all study variables in terms of other selective demographic variables (i.e., income, job-type: government /private, and study groups: forensic and non-forensic). In Phase III, a qualitative study with a sample of 20 (n= 10 forensic; n= 10 non-forensic) who scored 2 SD above the mean on the Self- Report Psychopathy Scale-III in Phase II was carried out to indigenously explore the determinants and consequences of psychopathic trends. The age of the sample ranged between 20-44 years. The forensic sample comprised (6 men; 4 women) while non-forensic samples consisted (10 men) from the general population of Faisalabad District. A thematic analysis revealed nine major themes with respect to psychosocial determinants of psychopathic trends (viz., adverse childhood experiences, parenting/ parental attributes, home environment, sibling’s interaction, social factors, punishment, contextual factors, involvement in illegal/ criminal acts and negative personality attributes). The consequences of psychopathic trends appeared in five major themes (viz., psychological issues, social issues, health issues, financial/ professional issues and changed self). In addition to unique indigenous factors contributing to psychopathic trends, the qualitative study validated the results of the quantitative study. Implications of the study were discussed.