Every year, the development in handheld communication technologies is being made at an extraordinary speed and the smartphone has seen a spectacular enhancement throughout the world. Today smartphone has become an essential gadget in our lives. In many ways, the smartphone facilitates our relationships enabling us to contact those who would not otherwise be able to converse face-to-face. In fact, smartphone has been converted into an all-in-one device as it provides access, like SMS, voice and video call, Internet through Wi-Fi, sharing and editing MS word files. It has become an important aspect of youth’s daily life that has moved from a mere ‘technological object’ to a key in ‘social object’. Despite of the fact, this device has projected many challenges and prospects. The overall functions and usage of the smartphone has attracted youth to different purposes and to perform various functions in their daily life. However, the present study is primarily a cross-sectional social survey applying quantitative approach. A questionnaire on five-point Likert scale was developed to collect the data from subjects. Cluster, multistage simple random and purposive sampling techniques were applied to select a sample from four universities. The sample comprised 800 subjects (male and female) studying at BA/BSc and MA/MSc level in selected universities (p.78). Different tests like Regression Analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Chi-Square and Cross-tabulation were applied to analyse the results and interpretation. The reliability of questionnaire was also assessed through Cronbach’s alpha which was 0.79 (p.80). Almost all the subjects (youth) were found using smartphone in different ways and at different times. Their responses showed that they were selective in using social network applications. The male subjects, in majority, used social applications for building social relationship as compared to female subjects. Most of the male subjects liked WhatsApp, Facebook, Round and Viber; whereas, female subjects had been using WhatsApp and Facebook only for social relationships. The overall results proposed that smartphone usage habits had impacted positively on the social behaviour of youth. Most of the subjects were found using smartphone in activities like making friends for social relationship, capturing pictures of friends during social gathering and sharing x them with other friends. They also used emails with smartphone for sharing some social events or other activities with friends. The overall findings documented that smartphone usage had a positive impact on values, beliefs, education, social relationship and social behaviour of youth in Pakistan which was significantly proved. The majority of the subjects agreed that smartphones usage led to increase social relationships, and had a positive impact on their social behaviour. The results of t-test of selected variables also proved that youth (both male and female) was more inclined to the smartphones usage. The results also showed that emerging patterns of social behaviour were associated with the smartphone usage in social connection. Based on findings, it has been suggested that university teachers may establish learning environment for youth like BYOD (By Your Own Demand) or SMILE (Smartphone Interactive Learning Environment). In the nutshell, it is convenient to conclude that the smartphone has become an essential part of the youth’s life for interaction, sharing, liking, etc. The most prominent findings were that youth with higher levels of smartphone usage had a greater tendency to engage in using social networking applications for social relationship.
تفسیر تدبر قرآن میں امین احسن اصلاحی نے بہت سے مقامات پر آیاتِ استفہام کی وضاحت کی ہے اور ان میں اللہ تعالیٰ کے سوال کرنے کے اغراض و مقاصد پر بھی روشنی ڈالی ہے۔اس فصل میں تفسیر تدبر قرآن کی روشنی میں آیاتِ استفہام کی تفسیر و تشریح بیان کی جا رہی ہے آیاتِ استفہام کی اقسام بھی بیان کی گئیں ہیں اور ہر قسم کے حوالے سے ماتحت آیات کی تفسیر کی جا رہی ہے۔
اللہ ہی ساری کائنات کا نظام چلانے والا ہے کوئی اس کا شریک نہیں عبادت اور رازونیاز کا صرف وہی مستحق ہے اللہ تعالیٰ نے قرآن مجید میں اپنی صفات جگہ جگہ بےنظیر طریقے سے بیان کی ہیں جن سے ذات الٰہی کا نہایت واضح تصور حاصل ہوتا ہے۔
دل کے لئے سلامتی اور کوئی صلاح وبھلائی اللہ وحدہ لاشریك له کی توحید کے بغیر ممکن نہیں۔ جس قدر انسان کے پاس توحید کی صداقت اور سلامتی اعتقاد میں پائی جائے گی اسی قدر اس کے لئے سلامتی صدر اور اصلاح قلب پائی جائے گی چنانچہ دل کی تخلیق کا مقصد یہی ہے کہ اپنے پیدا کرنے والے کو پہچانا جائے اور اس کی شایان شان اس سے محبت کی جائے اور اس کی وحدانیت کا اقرارویقین کیا جائے اور اس بات کو بھی عملی تطبیق دے کہ اللہ ہی دنیا کی ہر شے سے بڑھ کر اس کو محبوب ہےاور دنیا کی ہر چیز سے بڑھ کر وہی ہستی نہایت عظیم ہے، تو دل کی بھلائی بس اسی چیز کے حصول میں ہے۔
Today, majority of the Muslims' lives have turned out to be colored with a similar shade of the western civilization in every sphere of life. We watch that the matter of imitation achieved its most exceedingly awful pinnacle. In this era of ecstasy, the imitation of infidels and penitence of the Sunnah is growing rapidly due to the fact that Muslims have made it their habit. A particular group considers it enlightenment and ideological freedom and feels ashamed to follow Islam and Sunnah. The main reason for this attitude is that Muslims are unaware of the disadvantages of the imitation of infidels. In this article, the nuisances and flaws of imitation have been discussed, so that the Muslims could know about its imperfections and follow the Qur’ān and Sunnah.
Textile composite materials are extensively used for high-tech applications like aerospace, ballistics, automotive, sports, etc. Ballistics are one of the hot research topics owing to the law and order issues around the globe. Conventionally the ballistic composite materials are produced by laminating 2D fabrics. The composite materials fabricated from 3D woven textile reinforcement are widely studied for different applications, but fewer products are being manufactured from them. This research focused to investigate the effect of fillers on the performance of 2D laminated composites and weaving parameters (stuffer yarn count and binding thread density) on the ballistic performance of 3D composite materials. Firstly, the composites were fabricated using silica nano-fillers to reinforce the Kevlar/epoxy composites. It was found that the addition of silica nano-fillers results in the formation of hybrid composite materials that offer improved flexural, tensile and impact properties. Optimum properties were obtained at a filler concentration of 8%. Limited data is available on the properties of 3D woven structures and the associated composite materials. Therefore, the subsequent studies investigated the effect of weaving parameters (stuffer yarn count and binding thread density) on the properties of 3D woven structures. An extensive experimentation was performed to understand the behavior of 3D woven structures using flax fibre, owing to the high cost of para-aramid. Novel hybrid 3D woven structures were produced, and it was seen that increase in stitching points in a 3D structure increase the mechanical properties and energy absorption of the fabric. Similarly, addition of stuffer yarn in the 3D woven structure leads to improved mechanical properties. Based on the performance of the developed composites, structures with better performance were reproduced with para-aramid to fabricate composite materials. The energy absorption behviour of these composite materials was investigated using an indigenously developed setup. The energy absorption was also modelled numerically for these composites to validate the experimental results. It was found that the woven structure with more stuffer yarns and high binding density exhibits better performance and can be potentially used to produce the ballistic vest.