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Use of Social Network Site As a Source of Social Capital Among Youth: A Cross Sectional Study of University Students in Lahore

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Khalid Mahmood, Qaisar

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Social sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9206/1/Qaisar_Khalid_Mahmood_Sociology_HSR_2017_04.07.2018.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725161270

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This study aimed at investigating the social utility of a leading social network site (Facebook) among university students in Lahore. It employed a theoretical model that combined users and gratification perspective with social capital theory. The conceptual framework proposed that Facebook usage along with users’ motives played a central role in generating social capital. Additionally, this research also attempted to find out the role of socio-demographic characteristics and basic Facebook profile features in predicting social capital of Pakistani university students. Social capital referred to as bridging social capital, bonding social capital and civic participation of the students. Both online and offline forms of social capital were measured. Facebook usage was analysed as the intensity of Facebook use and Facebook relationship maintenance behaviours. After reviewing the literature of users and gratifications focused on Facebook use, a model of motivations that encompassed; Facebook use for making new social ties, maintaining of the existing social ties, seeking and sharing of information, entertainment, selfdocumentation and self-expression, was developed. By opting cross sectional survey research method, the researcher collected data (N=1245) from eight degree awarding institutes of Lahore. The data were collected through self- administered questionnaire. The response rate of the study was 86.3%. Eight research questions were crafted in line with the objectives of the research and tested by conducting a series of statistical analyses including descriptive statistics, correlations, independent sample t-tests, analysis of variances and multiple linear regression models for each form of social capital. The findings of the study revealed that Pakistani students were active users of Facebook. The students primarily used Facebook for making new social ties, maintaining the existing social ties and for seeking and sharing of information. The secondary motives were evaluated as self-expression, self-documentation and recreational use of Facebook. Regression analysis confirmed that the intensity of Facebook use influenced all forms of social capital except offline bridging and offline bonding social capital. Facebook relationship maintenance behaviours explained social capital with the exception of offline bonding social capital. Apart from recreational use of Facebook, all other motives significantly contributed to the development of social capital among the youth. However, the variations were located in the independent variables to explain the different forms of social capital. Moreover, some socio-demographic and Facebook profile characteristics also emerged out as the predictors of social capital except offline bridging social capital. On the basis of these findings, the study concluded that the manifestation of social capital among young Facebook users mostly depended upon level of their Facebook usage and the motivations that drove them to make use of this social network site in their daily lives.
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فهرس الآيات القرآنية

الرقم المسلسل

فهرست الآیات القرآنیۃ

  1.  

إِنَّ عَلَيْنَا جَمْعَهُ وَقُرْآنَهُ  فَإِذَا قَرَأْنَاهُ فَاتَّبِعْ قُرْآنَه

  1.  

لَا يُصَدَّعُونَ عَنْهَا وَلَا يُنْزِفُونَ

  1.  

لا مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلا مَمْنُوعَةٍ

  1.  

واشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا

  1.  

وَلَكُمْ فِي الْقِصَاصِ حَيَاةٌ يَا أُولِي الْأَلْبَابِ

  1.  

’’ لَا يَأْتِيهِ الْبَاطِلُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَلَا مِنْ خَلْفِهِ تَنْزِيلٌ مِنْ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ ‘‘

  1.  

﴿ وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَل

  1.  

غُلِبَتْ الرُّومُ *فِي أَدْنَى الأَرْضِ وَهُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ غَلَبِهِمْ سَيَغْلِبُونَ

  1.  

سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ

  1.  

قُلْ لَئِنْ اجْتَمَعَتْ الإِنسُ وَالْجِنُّ عَلَى أَنْ يَأْتُوا بِمِثْلِ هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ لاَ يَأْتُونَ بِمِثْلِهِ،

  1.  

فَلْيَأْتُوا بِحَدِيثٍ مِثْلِهِ إِنْ كَانُوا صَادِقِينَ

  1.  

قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِعَشْرِ سُوَرٍ مِثْلِهِ

  1.  

فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ

  1.  

أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِثْلِهِ وَادْعُوا مَنْ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ

  1.  

وَلَقَدْ صَرَّفْنَا لِلنَّاسِ فِي هَذَا الْقُرْآنِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَثَلٍ

  1.  

أَفَسِحْرٌ هَذَا أَمْ أَنْتُمْ لاَ تُبْصِرُونَ

  1.  

ذَرْنِي وَمَنْ خَلَقْتُ وَحِيدًا

  1.  

" غَيْرَ مُتَبَرِّجَاتٍ بِزِينَةٍ "

  1.  

فِيهَا أَنْهَارٌ مِنْ مَاءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ

  1.  

لَوْلَا أَنْ تُفَنِّدُونِ

  1.  

" يَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْأَنْفَالِ

  1.  

لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسَانَ فِي كَبَد

  1.  

Jenkins' Deliberations on Communal Conflict with the Leaders of Punjab: 1946-47 (Part-I)

Bhim Sen Sacher informed Jenkins about the destruction caused by arson in Lahore. Akbari Mandi, Chune Mandi, Chauhatta Basti, Bhagat Singh Basti, Kucha Kagzian and Pipal Vehra had been burnt down. The fire brigade could not cope with those vast and dispersed areas. If someone tried to extinguish the fire he was shot at by the police. Bhim Sen Sachar suggested that the only way to save Lahore was to impose martial law in the city. He hoped that the Governor would take that step immediately.64 Jenkins thanked Lala Bhim Sen Sachar and Gokul for their letters informing him about Lahore. Jenkins explained that fire brigade had done a good job in spite of constraints and difficulties. He believed that all communities had access to incendiary materials, and could use it without detection by traversing joined roof-tops. Throwing fire-balls from one house to another was wreaking devastation. Checking trouble of that kind was not an easy job, but searches were carried out and culprits were arrested.6

Using Text Processing Techniques for Linking News Stories for Digital Preservation

The news generation in the digital environment is no longer a periodic process with a fixed single output like printed newspaper. The news are instantly generated and updated online in a continuous fashion. However, because of different reasons like the short lifespan of digital information and speed of generation of information, it has become vital to preserve digital news for the long-term. Digital preservation includes various actions to ensure that digital information remains accessible and usable, as long as they are considered important. Libraries and archives preserve newspapers by carefully digitizing collections as newspapers are a good source of knowing history. The lifespan of news stories published online vary from one newspaper to another, that is, from one day to a month or even more. Though a newspaper may be backed up and archived by the news publisher or national archives, in the future it will be difficult to access particular information published in various newspapers about the same news. The issues become more complicated if a story is to be tracked through a multi-lingual archive of many online newspapers, which require different access technologies. Based on prior studies, a ten step systematic approach is introduced for web preservation, which lead to create an effective web archive and followed to create the intended digital news stories archive using digital news stories extractor. Initially, the archive is enriched with three English newspapers, enhanced to ten online newspaii pers and then upgraded to dual language (Urdu and English) news articles archive, extracted from fifteen online news sources. The news stories archive preserve about 360 Urdu and 850 English news articles, periodically crawled every second day using digital news stories extractor tool. The main goal of the dissertation was to link digital news stories duration preservation using text processing techniques. To achieve the goal, the formulated text processing similarity measures are applied for linking two types of news articles, that is, to link English news (English-to-English) and dual languages (Urdu-to-English) news articles in the archive. To linking English news articles in the archive, the study proposed five contentbased similarity measures that find similarity based upon news content features and link news articles during preservation. The measures compute similarity value among news articles based on features like number of terms, named entities, named entities position, title terms, and position of terms in the titles, etc. The measures are evaluated on to same news articles sets, of different size and compared with human based judgment in order to evaluate the accuracy and assess the effectiveness, worth and significance of designed similarity measures for linking English news articles. The results showed that the proposed measures presented are feasible for linking English news articles in the news stories archive. The selection of measure depends upon the performance of that measure in a specific category, for example, a measure can perform better on a category “Opinion”. All the proposed measures are evaluated for six categories of news articles and the results are mutually compared with two known text based similarity measures to assess the effectiveness and appropriateness of proposed measure in the best fitted scenario. The pre-processing step in any web preservation project is of utmost importance because the intensions are to archive the targeted contents, especially, in a language which doesn’t have any sophisticated tools and techniques. To link dual languages news articles in the archive, Urdu news articles needs extensive pre-processing, which leads to create an Urdu bag of words and dictionary containing 50502 words and 78739 pairs of Urdu words with English meanings respectively. The study proposed five content-based similarity measures that find similarity based upon news content features and link Urdu-to-English news articles during preservation. The measures are applied to the same news articles sets, of different sizes and mutually compared. The results showed that three of the proposed measures presented appreciable results for linking dual-lingual news articles in the archive, which can be improved by improving the structure and contents of the Urdu dictionary. In summary, the performance of different measures has been evaluated individually for linking digital news articles in the digital news story archive to make sure the accessibility of these news articles in the future from this enormous collection.