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Home > Varieal Evaluation and Quality Enhancement of Cut Tulips by Exogenous Application of Growth Promoting Substances

Varieal Evaluation and Quality Enhancement of Cut Tulips by Exogenous Application of Growth Promoting Substances

Thesis Info

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Author

Bashir, Mohsin

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Horticulture

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13470/1/Mohsin_Bashir_Horticulture_HSR_2017_UAF_06.08.2018.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725164349

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Tulips are one of the most popular springs of all the time and possess eminent status among various cut flowers cultivated world-wide next to rose and chrysanthemum in the global floriculture trade. However, they are not as productive in subtropical areas as they are in temperate zones. This is attributed by short span of winter season and other abiotic stress factors that are aggravated by climate change. All these factors impede tulip production in subtropical regions. Therefore, a study, comprised of four experiments was conducted to investigate the varietal response of different cultivars of cut tulips under Faisalabad conditions and role of various bioregulators on morpho-physiological, biochemical, enzymatic and ionic attributes that can be used for characterization of inducing tolerance and adaptability in tulip cultivars. Bulbs were planted in open field having sandy loam soil provided with supplemental doze of macronutrients. In first experiment, screening of 10 different tulip cultivars for their growth response and adaptability was carried out on the basis of their sprouting, morphological, floral and bulb attributes. Cultivars were categorized into best performing and least performing on the basis of their performance in 1st experiment. Five better adapted cultivars namely Apeldorn, Barcelona, Ile de France, Leen Vander Mark and Parade were selected for further study. In 2nd and 3rd experiment exogenous application of chitosan and glycine betaine, respectively were carried out to assess the performance of various attributes for quality enhancement. Moreover, in 3rd experiment, response of different polyamines (putrescine, spermine and spermidine) was studied in two cultivars Apeldorn and Clear water by their exogenous application at different concentrations. Results of 1st experiment depicted highly significant difference among all the tested cultivars that all varieties behaved differently and some of them showed better adaptability that have potential for production on commercial basis in the country. Furthermore, optimized levels of chitosan and glycine betaine were also identified that enhanced the growth response of different tulip cultivars. Inferences were developed on the basis of standards needed for any cut flower crop like increased quality parameters flower size, stem length, freshness and postharvest attributes. Results depicted exogenous application of chitosan and glycine betaine improved plant fresh mass, height, leaf area, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (gs), sub-stomatal CO2 (Ci), antioxidant enzymes and all other attributes associated to flower morphology. Furthermore, these compounds also improved the postharvest longevity by causing significant decrease in MDA contents. Though the chemicals used did not improve the mass, diameter and number of perrenating organs, thus they imparted negative effects on bulb attributes necessary for the growers to use them in the preceding year. In 4th experiment, 0.03 mM spermine (Spm) concentration proved to be the best for enhancing flower quality attributes in Apeldorn cultivar while low level of spermine (Spm) 0.01 mM proved to be best amongst all other tested dozes of polyamines in Clear water cultivar. Overall best performing traits were found in the plants that were exogenously applied by spermine followed by spermidine while putrescine improve petal lengths and width while other attributes remained less affected. Furthermore, findings of 4th experiment clearly indicated that spermine significantly enhanced postharvest potential of both the tulip cultivars by sustaining vase life and improving physiological, biochemical and enzymatic attributes. Overall, it can be extracted that suboptimal environmental conditions were found to be injurious for tulip growth and productivity and exogenous application of chitosan and glycine betaine specific concentration for particular cultivars were found effective tool for enhancing growth potential. However, effect of polyamines was more pronounced in both the cultivars reflecting that it may induce similar effects on other tulip cultivars as in majority of the parameters varietal effect was found to be non-significant. Besides, one can establish that A, E, WUE, gs, gm and protein might directly be linked with growth and flower quality attributes as they are severely affected by malicious environmental conditions. Thus it can be concluded from the current findings that by planting better performing cultivars, identified in the research, the growth potential of tulip can be expanded. The application of optimized levels of chitosan and glycine betaine particularly at lower levels proved effective in extending display life of tulips. Both these strategies when applied together could lead to a breakthrough in tulip cut flower production by improving the flower quality achieved through minimizing the life cycle in short duration of winters in sub-tropical terrains.
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ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری

ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری
ڈاکٹر محمد ضیاء الدین انصاری میرے مخلص اور عزیز دوست تھے، مجھے ان کے انتقال کی خبر بہت دیر سے ملی، وہ علی گڑھ مولانا آزاد لائبریری میں ڈپٹی لائبریرین تھے، وہاں جاتا تو مطلوبہ کتابیں فوراً حاضر کرتے اور چائے سے خاطر تواضع کرتے، اصرار کرکے گھر بلاتے اور پرتکلف دعوت کرتے، خدابخش لائبریری کے ڈائریکٹر ہوکر وہ پٹنہ گئے تو اسے ترقی دینے کے لئے متعدد کام کئے اور کئی سمینار کرائے جن میں مجھے مدعو کرتے، وہاں سے ریٹائر ہوکر علی گڑھ آئے تو مولانا حسین احمد مدنیؒ پر ایک سمینار کا پروگرام بنایا مگر وہ نہ ہوسکا، ضیاء الدین صاحب کو علم و ادب سے بڑا شغف تھا اور وہ اچھے منتظم بھی تھے، کئی کتابیں لکھیں لیکن اشاریہ نگار کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے اپنا خاص سکہ جمایا، وہ بڑے شریف، نیک طینت، خوش خلق اور مرنجان مرنج شخص تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ انہیں جنت نعیم عطا کرے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر جمیل عطا فرمائے، آمین۔
(ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، اپریل ۲۰۰۷ء)

حق المرأة في ادارة أملاكھا التجارية في الإسلام

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Foot Dimensions As a Tool for Gender Determination in Kenyan Adults

Introduction: Anthropometry has gained popularity over the years as a reliable method to determine gender. In forensic investigation, there are cases where gender cannot be readily determined using anatomy such as in mass casualty disasters with dismemberment and commingling of limbs. Kenyan descriptive data of foot dimensions is lacking as are formulae for estimating gender. Proven differences in foot dimensions across races prevent application of formula obtained using different populations necessitating generation of local data and formulae. Objectives: To describe the foot lengths, breaths and navicular heights of a representative adult Kenyan population, both male and female, and derive from these a formula to estimate gender. Material and Methods: Foot lengths, breadths and navicular heights were taken using callipers from a representative adult Kenyan population. These measurements were then subsequently used to derive a formula for determining gender by use of discriminant function analysis. Results: Mean foot lengths were 271.60 mm and 272.32 mm for men and 235.16 mm and 234.75 mm for women, right and left respectively. Mean foot breadths were 103.77 mm and 102.72 mm for men and for 88.67 mm and 88.69 mm women, right and left respectively. Foot navicular heights were 71.06 mm and 70.80 mm for men and 61.54 mm and 62.55 mm for women, right and left respectively. T-tests were used to compare these means across gender, all differences were statistically significant, p≤0.00001. A formula to estimate gender via discriminant function analysis was obtained. The formula correctly determined gender in 100% of the cases within this study. Conclusion: Formulae developed from foot dimensions can be used to predict gender in forensic investigations.