Jihad Against Terrorism: A Response to Robert Spencer’s Views on Jihad

The word Jihād has been awfully misinterpreted in the post 9/11 literature. Quite a few critics of Islam have deliberately used Jihād as synonymous with terrorism. Robert Spencer, a prominent critic of Islamic Jihād, also maintains that Islam teaches violence, intolerance and extremism. The following research article is a critique of Spencer’s views on Islamic concept of jihad. It aims to prove that Islam is a tolerant creed and has nothing to do with violence and terrorism. The Holy Qur’an substantiates this claim and shows that the persecuted Muslim community was allowed to take up arms against the terrorists who not only tormented the innocent people but also expelled them from their native homes.

Subdivision Schemes: the New Paradigm in Computer Aided Geometric Design

Modelling of curve of arbitrary topology is an important area of research because curve constitutes a basic tool for the geometric design in Computer Aided Geo- metric Design and Computer Graphics etc. The main purpose of this dissertation is to introduce new subdivision schemes because the existing one is not computa- tionally fast and the proposed one allow geometric designer to create different and high order of derivative continuous curves in CAGD which is novel. This disser- tation represents various flavours of curve subdivision schemes w.r.t. points, basis functions, continuity and smoothness, which have main concerned in geometric designing. For more attractive feature of these subdivision schemes, several tools have been discussed such as Laurent polynomial method has been used to investi- gate the smoothness of the subdivision schemes, H ̈lder exponent and support size. o Geometrical performances of the proposed subdivision schemes have been followed by explanatory examples.