القاضي عياض: حياته وآرائه في علم الحديث

ABSTRACT: Qazi Ayaz was one of the great scholars in the Knowledge of Hadith. He enjoys a unique status in his memory, narration and understanding of Hadith. He has vast knowledge of chains of Hadith, its transmitters, and their biographies. For acquiring this high position he always travelled to get the Hadith from its well-known experts, and used utmost care in getting the authentic chains of transmitters, so much so that he is considered an authority among the great scholars ofHadith. The methodology of Ayaz in the science of the transmission of Hadith is based upon research, accuracy and authentication ofthe text. He considers the science of transmission and narration. The origin and essence in authenticating the Hadith. He was strict in the criticism of the text of Hadith and emphasized on the narration of the Prophet’s words instead of allowing the narration of the meanings, unlike the other scholars of Hadith. Hence he held some special views, due to his long experience in Hadith. Some of his views are about: The comparison with the original hearing. The appropriate age while transmitting Hadith toothers. The omitting ofrepeated words in Hadith. The usage of the marks of dialect in the text ofHadith. The permission in narration ofthose Hadith about which he himselfdoes not have permission

Understanding the Relationship Between a Teachers Beliefs and the Esl Classroom Practice

The teaching of English has undergone many changes over the years depending on what the functions of English have been viewed to be. How an individual teacher approaches the teaching of English depends on the teacher's beliefs about the nature of language and the teaching and learning of it. Teaching approaches have varied from the grammar translation method on one end of the continuum to the communicative approach on the other. I tried to explore the beliefs of one teacher in the ESL classroom. I interviewed the teacher on a number of occasions and I also interviewed the coordinator of the English department as well as the students who were in her class. At the same time I observed a number of her lessons to get an insight into her practice. I was trying to see the relationship between her beliefs and her classroom practice. Through the interviews and the observations, I discovered that it is not always a one to one relationship between belief and practice. There were instances where there was a direct link between belief and practice and there were instances where the link was less obvious. There were also instances where there was simply no link between belief and practice. Teaching in the classroom context is complex, however, to a great extent, the teacher's beliefs do play a vital role in what happens in the classroom and in this sense have a great impact on the learning outcomes of the students. The study has also made some recommendations for the teachers, for the school and for teacher educators.