بشیر احمد چونچال
چونچال (۱۹۱۰ئ۔۱۹۸۵ئ) کا اصل نام بشیر احمد اور چونچالؔ تخلص کرتے تھے۔ چونچال سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ (۵۱۸) ان کی زندگی عسرت اور عدم آسائش کا شکار رہی لیکن وہ اپنے وقت میں مشاعروں کے مقبول ترین شعرا میں شمار ہوتے تھے۔ ان کا ایک شعری مجموعہ ’’منقار‘‘ دوست پبلی کیشنز اسلام آباد نے ۲۰۰۰ء میں شائع کیا۔ جو طنز یہ ومزاحیہ شاعری پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس کتاب میں غزلیں ،نظمیں اور قطعات شامل ہیں۔ یہ مجموعہ ایک سو پچاس صفحات پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس کتاب کے آغاز میں کامران مسعود کا مضمون’’ابتدائیہ‘‘ اصغر سودائی کا مضمون ’’چونچال ایک منفرد شاعر ‘‘،انور مسعود کا مضمون’’سیالکوٹ کا واحد ظریف شاعر‘‘ اور ضمیر جعفری کا تبصرہ ’’کلام بولتا ہے ‘‘ شامل ہیں۔
’’منقار‘‘ کے علاوہ ان کا کلیات زیر ترتیب ہے ابھی تک ان کا مجموعی کلام دسیتاب نہیں ہو سکا۔
بشیر احمد چونچال عظیم مزاح نگار شعرا میں ایک امتیازی حیثیت رکھتے تھے۔ اس امر کے کہ وہ عصر حاضر کے مزاح نگاروں میںصفِ اول کے شاعر تھے انھیں وہ مقام و مرتبہ نہ مل سکا جو ان سے کم تر درجے کے شاعروں کو مل چکا ہے یا مل رہا ہے۔
اصغر سودائی چونچالؔ کی عظمت کے حوالے سے رقم طرا ز ہیں:
اگر میں یہ کہوں کہ چونچالؔ اکبر الہ آبادی کے بعد دوسرا بڑا شاعر ہے ۔ جس نے فلاح قوم کا بیڑا اٹھایا اور ساری عمر اسی دشت کی سیاہی میں گزار دی تو ہر لحاظ سے یہ ایک ایسا دعویٰ ہو گا جس کی دلیل ان کا کلام ہے۔(۵۱۹)
سید ضمیر جعفری چونچالؔ سیالکوٹی کے دوست تھے اور متعدد مرتبہ سیالکوٹ میں چونچال سے ان کی ملاقاتیں بھی ہوئیں۔چونچال اور ضمیر جعفری اکٹھے مشاعر ے بھی پڑھتے رہے۔ ضمیر جعفری چونچال کے بارے میں چونچال کے شعری مجموعے پر اپنے...
An Efforts to improve the morality of learners are always conducted in education. Educational institutions are morally obligated to increase personality development of their students. SDN Inpres Bumi Bahari Kec. Palu Barat through the implementation of school rules, intends to form the character of learners. This circumstance is the basis of this research. This research based on descriptive qualitative methods. The Source of data obtained from principals, teachers, and Learners. This research used varieties methods such as observation, interviews, and documentations in data collecting process. Furthermore, data that has been netted, analyzed using data reduction techniques, data display, and data verification. The results of the study concluded that the application of school rules can shape the behavior of learners to be a good personality. The behavior of learners is directed towards moral learner. The process of character building of learners finds some barriers because learners have a different understanding of school rules order. In addition, many students have a strong influence of the habits they bring from their homes, so they are not familiar with the rules set by their school.
The study about heat transfer and boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet gotten consideration from numerous analysts due to its significance in many engineering and industrial applications, such as, paper generation, glass-fiber generation, solidification of fluid gems, petroleum generation, extraordinary oils, suspension arrangements, wire drawing, ceaseless cooling and fibers turning, fabricating plastic films and extraction of polymer sheet. In the view of above applications, theocratical analysis is carried out for the flow of Carreau fluid over a stretching/shriking sheet. The problems are formulated under the effects of various parameters with suitable transformations. The obtained boundary layers equations are transformed from PDEs to ODEs with the given boundary conditions. Thesis are divided into 7 chapters. Chapter one deals with fundamental preliminaries that will make this thesis understandable for readers. Literature review is also a part of this chapter. Chapter two deal with the investigation of MHD mixed convection Carreau fluid flow over a nonlinear stretching/ shrinking permeable sheet near a stagnation point. Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is utilized to find the solution of the system of nonlinear problem. Qualitative comparison of the HAM and BVP4C numerical routine are presented. The influences of different parameters such as Weissenberg number We2, Magnetic parameter M2, Suction and Injection parameter s, Stretching or Shrinking parameter B, Mixed convection parameter A, Nonlinear parameter m and Lewis number Le on concentration, velocity and temperature distributions are studied graphically and analyzed. Chapter three concerned with the study of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of Carreau fluid with variable thermal conductivity and viscosity over stretching/shrinking sheet. The viscosity and thermal conductivity is considered to vary linearly with temperature. Analysis are made analytically by HAM. Numerical solutions of the problem is also obtained by BVP4C numerical routine, which agrees well with analytical solution. The influence of natural parameters, such as the Prandtl number, Weissenberg number, Lewis number, Magnetic parameter, Suction parameter, Stretching/ Shrinking parameter and the heat flux constants are shown in several plats and in tabulated results. The purpose of chapter four is to examine an unsteady motion of Carreau fluid produced by stretching/ shrinking sheet with a magnetic field applied normal to the sheet. The governing momentum and the energy equation admit a self similarity solution. Results are discussed in terms of Weissenberg number, Unsteadiness parameter, Stretching/ Shrinking parameter, Power law index, Prandtl number, Blowing and Magnetic parameter. The aim of chapter five is to study the MHD Carreau fluid slip flow together with viscous dissipation and heat transfer by taking the impact of thermal radiation over a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium with variable thickness and variable thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity of the liquid is expected to differ straightly with temperature. The effects of various parameters such as magnetic parameter M2, Weissenberg number We2, porosity parameter D,power law index n, wall thickness parameter α, power index parameter m, thermal conductivity parameter ε, slip parameter λ ,radiation parameter R and Prandtl number Pr on velocity and temperature profiles are studied graphically and analyzed. The focus of chapter six is to study of Carreau fluid flow over sheet stretching in the xy-plane. For this purpose equations are modeled from the set of Naiver-Stoke equations combine with heat and mass transport taking into account the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. From similarity transformations non-dimensional parameters of our interest such as Weissenberg number We2, Magnetic parameter M2, Suction parameter S, Stretching parameters B,A, power law index n, thermophoresis parameter Nt, Prandtl number Pr, Lewis number Le, Brownian motion parameter Nb and Biot numbers B1,B2 are introduced. The effects of these parameters are analyzed with the help of graphs.