حضرت آدم علیہ السلام بائبل اور قرآن کى روشنى میں

Hazrat Sayyedna Adam (A.S) was the first man and the first prophet. Both Quran and Bible reveal that he was made from clay and was housed in Heavens. There was a most complete freedom for Sayyedna Adam (A.S) except of going near a forbidden tree. Iblees conducted an evil plan and tempted him to taste the fruit of the tree. This let to his descent on Earth. This study attempts to make a comparative analysis of Hazrat Sayyedna Adam (A.S)‘s Incident as mentioned in the Quran and the Bible.

Analysis of Medicinal and Chemical Properties of Honeys Collected from Some Selected Locations of Pakistan

Nature has blessed us with large number of food stuffs honey is one of them. It is composed of variety of substances mainly sugars, moisture and bioactive constituents. Its composition depends on geographical and botanical origin. Physicochemical analysis is a tool for quality evaluation, detection of adulteration and geographical discrimination of honey. Honey is also reported to exhibit excellent bioactive composition which is responsible for therapeutic behavior of this valued natural product. Therefore, present study was designed to evaluate physicochemical properties, bioactive composition, antioxidant profile, antimicrobial behavior and antitumor potential of honey. Honey was also used as bio indicator to detect the heavy metal toxicity of some areas of Pakistan. Natural honey samples were collected from some selected locations of Punjab, Pakistan. Beekeeper’s and branded honey samples were collected from local markets of Pakistan. Quantitative, qualitative and medicinal properties of honey samples were evaluated by using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. Nutritional values of all Pakistani honey samples assessed by physicochemical analysis helped to conclude that all of our honey samples obeyed international standards. EC values of beekeeper’s honey samples were close to those found for natural Pakistani honeys. Natural and commercial Pakistani honeys showed higher protein content as compared to available international data. Proline is the major amino acid of honey. Natural Pakistani honey samples were excellent as compared to branded and beekeeper’s honey samples. HPLC analysis of fructose and glucose ratio and GCMS analysis of isotopic ratio analysis of C13/C12 highlighted the adulteration in commercial and branded honey samples. Trace metal concentration (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn) of all analyzed honey samples were also comparable with available data. In case of toxic metals many regions like Faisalabad, Multan, Bahawalpur, Abdulhakeem and Dunyapur were found to contain toxic metals more than permissible levels; lead and chromium being more prominent. Almost no metal toxicity was found in commercial honeys. Total phenolic, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid, beta carotenoids and lycopene were quantitatively found in natural honey samples in much higher amount as compared commercial honey samples which contained in low amount. All studied honey samples have shown excellent DPPH radical scavenging power, ferric reducing antioxidant power and peroxide scavenging activities. Natural Pakistani honeys produced zones of inhibition in the range of 10-28 mm for all tested bacterial strains whereas antifungal potential observed against all analyzed strains was very poor. Many Pakistani honeys have excellent antitumor potential as compared to many plant extracts. Some natural samples have antitumor activity close to the standard and even two samples have shown more than standard. Many commercial honey samples also have appreciable antitumor activities. Overall Pakistani honeys were found to be promising natural products with excellent nutritional and medicinal properties.