مولانا احتشام الحق تھانوی
افسوس ہے کہ پاکستان کے نامور عالم اورشیریں بیاں خطیب ومقرر مولانا احتشام الحق تھانوی اجلاس صد سالہ کے تین دن بعد دیوبند پہنچے اوروہاں سے مدراس گئے۔جہاں وہ اس سے پہلے بھی کئی بار آچکے تھے وہاں سے بمبئی کاارادہ تھا کہ وانمباڑی میں اچانک دل کادورہ پڑااورجاں بحق ہوگئے۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔ جنازہ کراچی پہنچایاگیا اوروہیں تدفین ہوئی مرحوم کااصل وطن تھانہ بھون تھا۔ایک دور کے رشتہ سے حضرت مولانا تھانوی کے بھانجے بھی تھے۔ والد اٹاوہ میں ملازم تھے مرحوم کی پیدائش۱۹۱۵ء میں وہیں ہوئی، تعلیم دارالعلوم دیوبند میں پائی۔یہاں سے فراغت کے بعد اپنے برادر بزرگ مولوی عزیز الحق صاحب جوگورنمنٹ آف انڈیا کے کسی محکمہ میں افسر اعلیٰ تھے اورنئی دہلی میں خواجہ میردرد روڈ پررہتے تھے ان کے پاس چلے آئے اوراسی علاقہ کی ایک مسجد میں خطیب مقررہوگئے۔روزانہ فجر کی نماز کے بعدقرآن مجید کادرس دیتے اورجمعہ کے دن وعظ کہتے تھے۔ آدمی تھے خوش الحان اورشریں بیان ،اس لیے مقبولیت بڑھنے لگی۔ملازمت کے ساتھ انہوں نے مدرسہ عالیہ مسجد فتح پوری کی مولوی فاضل کلاس میں داخلہ لے لیا۔میں اس کلاس کاسینئر استاذ تھا اس بناپرمرحوم میرے حلقۂ تلامذہ میں شامل ہوگئے، کلاس میں پابندی سے آتے اور درس ہمہ تن متوجہ ہوکرسنتے اورکبھی کبھی سوال بھی کر تے تھے۔مولوی عزیز الحق صاحب سے تعلق پہلے سے تھا ہی، اب مرحوم سے بھی قریبی تعلق پیدا ہوگیا۔ان کی مسجد میں سیرت مقدسہ کایاکوئی اورجلسہ ہوتاتوتقریر کے لیے مجھے بالالتزام بلاتے تھے۔
تقسیم کے وقت اپنے خاندان کے ساتھ ترک وطن کرکے کراچی میں جا بسے۔یہاں بہت کچھ چمکے اوربڑانام پیداکیا۔ریڈیو پرایک عرصہ تک روزانہ قرآن مجید کادرس دیتے رہے، قرآن مجید اورمثنوی مولانا روم بڑی خوش الحانی سے پڑھتے اوراس لیے عوام وخواص میں بڑے مقبول تھے۔ بیرونی ممالک جہاں اردو بولی اورسمجھی جاتی ہے وہاں...
This paper discusses the Islamic jurisprudence as well as the scientific stance regarding breast feeding. Breast feeding is a natural gift for a new born baby, which not only nourishes the infant but also provides great immunity to him. The new scientific research has clarified its importance by calling it the most essential element giving natural immunity that keeps a child healthy and free of diseases. Many developed countries have started “Human Milk Banks” as we have blood banks here. The Human Milk banks provide milk which is like natural food to deprived infants. By taking the milk from “Milk Banks” it creates serious moral and religious problems in the context of motherhood and family relations. This can even cause problems like declaring “Hurmat-e-Nikᾱḥ”. In this paper such issues are elaborated in the light of Qur’an, Sunnah and Islamic jurisprudence.
The World Trade Organization has been reluctant to respond to the different issues that come up due to integrating the digital economy into cross-border trading. The multilateral system’s slow reaction is principally due to the complicated, multifarious character of the digital economy or digital trade and country conflict over Regulation of the internet and digital growth problems. Agreements on International trade, especially those negotiated at the WTO agreements, are critical in establishing a protected, reliable, and dependable worldwide regulatory structure for digital trades. However, the framework of WTO was created before digital Trade arose. Unfortunately, there is no clear concept of digitalization in the norms of the WTO, especially GATS.
The thesis will seek to explain how the World Trade Organization and, especially, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade implement data-restrictive policies and whether the WTO’s regulations can balance internet policy goals and Trade. It emphasizes the interdependence of the three essential concepts of internet governance that apply to cross-border flows of data, particularly security, privacy, and internet openness. It then presents a theoretical structure for aligning the General Agreement on Trade and Services with all those three objectives in order to enable an open and predictable structure for effective internet policies and digital trade. According to the dissertation, this approach is used with three types of data-restrictive measures: Cybersecurity related data restrictive, privacy related data restrictive measures, and online content control.
This thesis demonstrates that the General Agreement on Trade and Service (GATS) can be implemented and interpreted wisely to comply with principles of security, privacy, and internet openness. For instance, commitments contained in the GATS's schedules of commitments can be understood technologically neutrally, allowing for either internet of openness or trade liberalization. Additionally, GATS access to market, National regulations, and non-discrimination’ standards (subject to pertinent exemptions and commitments from Member states) usually facilitate the opening of cross-border data exchange, thereby increasing the internet's openness. Moreover, under GATS's exceptions, Panels can differentiate between measures ostensibly related to online content control, privacy, and Cybersecurity and those necessary to accomplish these goals. Panels must take into account technical and legal information when conducting a comprehensive examination of data-restrictive measures under GATS provisions, such as reliance on knowledge and experience concerning the internet regulation.
Due to the lack of international agreement on internet policy issues and the relatively archaic structure of GATS, the provisions of GATS are limited in their conformity with the concepts of security, privacy, and internet openness. Along with providing a more relevant interpretation of current GATS regulation, this dissertation suggests a multipronged strategy for further aligning GATS with the security, privacy and internet openness principles. For this purpose, it is essential to ensure that GATS clauses on transparency and mutual recognition are used effectively, that WTO law reforms are enacted to include a focus on cross border flows of data, and that alternatives to customary multilateral pathways, such as the creation of a non-binding WTO declaration on the flow of data and improved regulatory cooperation within pertinent global organizations, are considered. GATS, for Example, cannot solve all the problems relating to the data flow. However, this thesis argues that GATS can play a more significant part in stabilizing trade and policy of internet goals.