عہد نبوی میں نوجوان صحابہ کرام کا بطور معلم تقرر اور اصلاح معاشرہ میں ان کا کردار

It is above-board that teachers play an important role in forming, formulating, molding and developing the society as individuals and as a whole. The youth has ever been an icon to lead the community in every sphere of life. The young stuff has played the pivotal role in preaching, scribing, teaching, political, economic and even diplomatic fields. The present research article explores the role of various companions of Holy Prophet (r) in these fields. Firstly, the Holy Prophet (r) groomed his companions, stormed their brains and paved them on the Divine way, then sent them to the said fields to work. Among those companions, Ḥaḍrat Muṣ‘ab bin ‘Umayr, Mu‘ādh bin Jabal, ‘Abdullāh ibn e Maktūm, Rāfi‘ bin Mālik, ‘Abdullāh ibn e Mas‘ūd, ‘Abdullāh ibn e ‘Abbās, Abū Sa‘īd Khudrī (y) as well as from females Ḥaḍrat ‘Āyshah, Ḥaḍrat Ḥafṣah, Shifā bint-e-‘Abdullah etc. Were appointed as preachers. Their task was not only to teach and educate the community rather to present themselves before them as paragon for their particular fields. The research concludes that the Prophet (r) laid down a criteria for selection of the teachers of Muslim Ummah. The selection criteria of the Prophet (r) was based not only on contingent variables but also on some special characteristics like teaching and training, potential empathy for the learners and a passion for social reformation. As a result, these preachers, after practicing their ideal and best performance, produced numerous educations, merchants, facilitators and reformers in the society. The present research paper will explore the companions’ efforts for the reformation of the society.

Green Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activities of Derivatives of Benzamidines and Their Metal Complexes

No matter the large contribution of chemistry to the development in our large of dwelling, the negative and threatening photo of chemistry has been unfolded in human society due to adverse damage, consisting of large explosions in chemical factories in some instances. therefore, chemistry must development with the introduction of a at ease global in harmony with nature. high performance based on environmentally benign principles (green chemistry) is strongly required of synthetic natural chemistry in twenty first century. That’s why Emphasis here is placed on green synthesis of substituted benzamides and their solvent free conversion into substituted benzamidines interacting with transition-metals including their biological activities. Our primary objective is to create a greener reaction methodology that affords access to convert amide bond into N-substituted benzamidines and their metal complexes. For this first amide bond, has been synthesized through novel Dicobalt octacarbonyl catalyzed amidation of phenyl iodide, followed by anti-oxidant, anti- alzheimer, anti- urease and anti- fatigue activity. The capacity of these reactions through screening of different substrate and investigations into the mechanisms by way of which the reactions are working are also mentioned. The novel synthetic model of the amidine bond has been polished using CuO-np catalyzed conversion of substituted benzamide into N-substituted benzamidines. This methodology uses a non-expensive CuO Nano particles and aniline/ammonia along with substituted benzamide as the key ligand in this strategy. Moreover, efforts to find best reaction conditions to access N-substituted benzamidines ligands were accomplished. A brief study on behavior of N-substituted benzamidines against cancer cell lines (in vivo) and DNA binding studies by UV-visible spectrophotometer and Viscosity measurements has also been carried out. A detail work on transition metal (Cu, Pt, Pd) complexation of amidine ligands covering their activities against cancer cell lines (in vitro), DNA binding studies by UV visible spectroscopy and viscosity measurement covers the major area of thesis. The discussion about behavior of world fatal disease HIV-1 (candidiasis & reverse transcriptase) are also the part of thesis.