میرواعظ مولوی محمد فاروق صاحب کی شہادت
میرواعظ مولوی محمدفاروق کچھ سر پھروں کی گولیوں سے چھلنی ہوکر شہید ہوگئے۔ اِنَّالِلّٰہِ وَاِنَّا اِلَیْہِ رَاجِعُوْن ط
یہ خبر جیسے ہی عوام تک پہنچی، سب ہی پرسکتہ ساچھا گیا، ہرشخص غم وصدمہ کے سمندر میں ڈوب گیا، کیونکہ میرواعظ ؒ ایک قابل احترام ہستی کانام تھا، وہ کشمیری عوام کے ہی محترم رہنما نہ تھے ،بلکہ ملّتِ اسلامیہ ہند کے سچے رہنما تھے۔ عالم وعابد اورزاہد تھے۔بڑے ہی وضعدار انسان تھے۔ہرشخص سے مروت واخلاق کے ساتھ ملتے تھے۔ ۱۹۸۶ء میں راقم اپنے رفیق فخرالدین صاحب کے ہمراہ سری نگر گیاتو حضرت میرواعظؒ ہی کے یہاں قیام کیا۔ اس دوران میں ان کی میزبانی کے جوہر وآداب کامشاہدہ تو ہواہی، ساتھ ان کی تقویٰ وعبادت سے لبریز زندگی، ان کے اعلیٰ اخلاق وبہترین ومثالی کردار کے جونمونے نظروں کے سامنے آئے اس کے پیش نظر راقم یہ کہے بغیر نہ رہے گاکہ کشمیر میں ان کی شخصیت اسلامی کردار وعمل تقویٰ وریاضت اور ملک وقوم کی ہمدردی ومحبت میں منفرد تھی۔
ہزاروں سال نرگس اپنی بے نوری پہ رُوتی ہے
بڑی مشکل سے ہوتا ہے جہاں میں دیدہ ور پیدا
قبلہ ابّاجان حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانیؒ اوران کے قائم کیے ہوئے ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین سے جوان کو لگاؤ وعقیدت تھی وہ اظہر من الشمس ہے ،وہ اس ادارہ سے دلی وابستگی کابرملا اظہار کیاکرتے، اس کی امداد واعانت کے لیے ہمیشہ پیش پیش رہتے۔ ان کی شہادت سے ادارہ ندوہ المصنفین کاذاتی نقصان ہواہے،لیکن اﷲ پاک نے ان کو ان کے بہترین عمل وکردار کی بدولت جوشہادت کا مرتبہ دیا ہے اس سے انہیں مقرب الٰہی رحمت خاص اورجنت کاجومژدہ ملاہے اس پر ہر مسلمان کورشک ہے۔
اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے متعلقین اورہم سب کو صبرجمیل عطا فرمائے،آمین۔ ان کے صاحبزادے اور ان کی جگہ میرواعظ مولوی عمر فاروق...
Impact assessment of microfinance programs have been remained the foremost concern of microfinance stakeholders for optimal policy measures. The existing literature regarding the impact assessment varies from parametric to experimental methods to evaluate the performance of microfinance programs across the world however; the literature is lacking a single measure to reveal maximum possible changes in socioeconomic variables resulting from microfinance institutions’ intervention. This study aims to develop a composite index for evaluating the performance of microfinance programs in multi-dimensional contexts. The study exposes a set of eight “diverse indicators” to evaluate the performance of a microfinance program on a wider socioeconomic scale. The dimensions of the index are consist of economic (Income, saving) and socioeconomic (poverty, access to basic facilities, family empowerment) indicators. The changes in deprivations of household, based on the selected indicators, reveal the intensity of success of a microfinance program towards their goals. Finally, we have developed an index by the interaction of incidence and intensity of socioeconomic deprivations. The index is named as “Multidimensional Microfinance Deprivation Index”. This is an index developed in the same line as multidimensional poverty index. The implications of this study are three folds; firstly, it will open up a new dimension of literature in the field of microfinance including Islamic microfinance by instigating an important area. Secondly, it may provide a better alternative to microfinance’s stakeholders to investigate the impact assessment of microfinance programs on a wider socioeconomic scale rather than a few economic. Last but not the least, the study integrates diverse socioeconomic indicators, after assigning weights and adjustment to portray an overall picture of the performance of microfinance in terms of uplifting the socioeconomic conditions of the poor and financially marginalized people.
The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors seeded with cow dung manure and activated sludge of a dairy wastewater treatment plant, termed as UASBCD and UASBASDIT, were used to treat medium strength raw domestic wastewater. The start-up of UASBCD reactor required a period of 120 days. In case of UASBASDIT reactor, sludge bet was stabilized in a period of 80 days. The performance of both reactors to treat wastewater was enhanced with an increase in the sludge age and temperature. Under psychrophilic temperature (17 OC) and at early sludge age (60 days), COD and BOD removal by the reactors was in the range of 57-62% and 61- 66%, respectively. However, COD and BOD removal efficiency of the reactors elevated to the range of 79-81% and 77-83%, respectively at sludge age of 150 days and temperature of 30 OC. In short, overall performance of both reactors was optimal at sludge age ranging from 120-150 days and temperature varying between 25-30 O C. However, overall performance of UASBCD reactor was always relatively better than UASBASDIT reactor due to better granulation, biomass growth and settling characteristics of sludge with time in the former reactor. Both reactors were re-started after a long shutdown period of 12 months, and operated at HRT of 12 hrs and 30 OC temperature. The reactors restored normal performance in a time period of 30 days. Post-treatment of UASB wastewater was accomplished in order to improve the quality of wastewater in accordance with the permissible limits for irrigation water. The application of ozone, UV irradiation and H2O2 at their optimal exposure time (ozonation time varying between 26-30 min; UV irradiation time of 8-15 min) and dose (H2O2 dose in the range of 280-336 mg/L) showed 99.9% elimination of pathogens (total coliform, fecal coliform and E.coli) in wastewaters of both reactors. The disinfection efficiency of combined systems (O3/UV; H2O2/UV; O3/H2O2) was, however, spectacular. The application of these systems showed 99.9% removal of pathogens at very short contact time and less dose as compared to time and dose required in their individual application. There was no re-growth in wastewater samples disinfected at optimal contact time (ozonation time of 25 min; UV irradiation for 15 min) and maximum dose (H2O2 dose of 336 mg/L) in the presence of nutrients during a time period of 21 days. However, underdozed samples and wastewater samples exposed for inadequate time period showed re-growth, which was a function of nutrient content, temperature and light, and regrowth of pathogens was substantially increased with increasing temperature and adding nutrients.