پر امن معاشرے میں تعلیم کا کردار

Education play main role in modern society and main purpose of education is to create a society characterized by holiness and reconciliation so that society is filled with a spirit of sympathy, sadness and good will. In no time has the usefulness of education and its spirituality been devalued. Education is recognized as a symbol of the greatness the living nations and civilized society.  Educated society reflects patience humble, grateful, fear and the most important habit such as determination and become an integral part of life. Even the educated society is considered to be a true pioneer of courage and human values. Education plays a positive role in empowering the weakest society. On the other hand educated people can think of the happiness and the well-being of humanity due to the light knowledge and their sincere efforts when working in this society so of course this will directly benefit those who are weak and ignorant in the society and the key to maximizing humanity. The light of education should also go to homes that are deprived of wealth and helplessness. It also means abiding by the law showing respect to women and helping the weak. Controlling bad temper and language being polite and following proper etiquette in a gathering is also part of good social behavior. In short good social behavior is living decently, peacefully, and with dignity among others without hurting or disturbing them. Good social behavior helps us live amicably in our society. It promotes good will and understanding among people and cultivates a clean, healthy environment for all citizens

Leadership Behavior and Employee Job Satisfaction: A Study of Path Goal Theory in Telecom Sector

This study was designed to test the path-goal theory of leadership in Pakistan telecom (mobile) industry. The study explored relationship between leadership behaviors (directive, supportive, participative and achievement-oriented) of middle managers and job satisfaction of subordinates. Path-goal leadership model attempts to explain the impact of leader behavior on the subordinate motivation, satisfaction and performance. Leadership behaviors (directive, supportive, participative and achievement-oriented) of managers were measured through leader behavior items. Subordinates’ satisfaction was measured by the job descriptive index. While job expectancy I and job expectancy II were measured through job expectancy scale. The four path-goal leader behaviors, seven moderating variables and nine subordinates’ outcomes were measured through the instrument comprising of 189 items. Further, the results of study were obtained by testing 28 hypotheses. The analysis suggested that the moderating variables influence preference for a particular type of leadership behavior (by the subordinate) and leader behavior has an impact on subordinate satisfaction, job expectancy (I&II) and acceptance of leader. Leader behavior affects satisfaction directly. Further subordinate satisfaction has a direct effect on the subordinate performance which is further influenced by the task demand. There was no difference between male and female respondents regarding any dependent measure. Moreover, the direction of association between variables is not known and it is difficult to predict accurately without further research, which is replicated and revalidated. Due to time constraints, the research has several limitations. Recommendations are made for future study, particularly replication in the public and private sectors to ensure validity which will help in determining causal relationship between leader behavior and subordinate satisfaction.