Comparative Analysis of the Controversies Among the Orientalist About the Epilepsy Imputed to the Holy Prophet S. A. W

The opponents of Islam and its prophet, Muhammad (p) including some of the orientalists, have always tried their best to distort the real image of Islam and malign the person of the holy Prophet. They have produced many baseless stories and notions about the teachings of Islam and the person and life of the holy Prophet. They accused the Prophet (p) of having compiled the Qur’an out of the teachings of Christianity, Judaism and the customs of pre-Muhammadan Arabs. They maintain that Muhammad (p) was caught by epilepsy and trances, out of which he pretended to having received the Quranic revelation. They mention the incident of ‘Shaq al-Sadr’ (splitting up of the bosom of the prophet in his childhood) and the shivering condition of the holy Prophet(p) while receiving the revelations as hallucination of epileptic fits. But the history, medical science, the logical reasoning and the impartial orientalists have absolutely rejected their biased allegations on the personality of the holy Prophet. They certified that Muhammad (p) had never suffered from any type of such ailment like epileptic fits, seizers, trances or the falling sickness. The author is this paper refutes the allegation of epilepsy to the prophet with the help of impartial studies of the orientalists and evidences from the medical science, thus, highlighted the superficiality of the investigations of some orientalists about Islam and Its Prophet.

High Involvement Human Resource Practices As Antecedents of Innovative Work Behavior in Software Companies of Pakistan: An Ability-Motivation-Opportunity Framework Perspective

This study analyzed the impact of high involvement Human Resource practices on IWB of employees working in software companies of Pakistan in the context of the AMO Framework. Ability-enhancing, motivation-enhancing, and opportunity-enhancing HR practices were taken as independent variables. Drawing on the social cognitive and exchange theories the mediating role of psychological empowerment (PsyEmp) and the moderating role of the supportive work environment were also examined. Data was collected randomly from 538 employees and their supervisors working in software development and R&D departments of software companies in Pakistan. Structural Equation Modeling was employed to estimate the research model by using SmartPLS Version 3.0. The results showed that PsyEmp mediates the impact of only two group of HR practices, i.e., ability and opportunity enhancing HR practices and IWB. Individually, coworker support is a significant while management support is an insignificant direct predictor of IWB. The results contributes to the AMO theory of HRM and Social Cognitive theory by examining the indirect conditional effect of three groups of HR management practices on the IWB at different levels of coworker support and management support, which were neglected by previous researches. Future studies may consider cross industry longitudinal design after inclusion of personality related variables to see their moderating effect on the relationships. Managers should develop a psychological contract between the organization and employees through the alignment of the HR practices with the strategic goals. They should also consider balance between participatory management and productive competition between coworkers to capitalize on the strength of management and coworker support, respectively.