پتّھر
بیٹھا تھا مَیں کمرے اندر
غور سے میں نے جب دیکھا تھا
آگے ، پیچھے ، اوپر ، نیچے
پتّھر ، پتھر ، پتھر ، پتھر
چیزیں ساری پتھر کی تھیں
چھت دیواریں پتھر کی تھیں
کمرا سارا پتھر کا تھا
صحن میں نکلا میں نے دیکھا
گھر بھی سارا پتھر کا تھا
اک تنہائی گونج رہی تھی
جب میں گھر سے باہر نکلا
روڈ بھی سارا پتھر کا تھا
لوگ بھی سارے پتھر کے تھے
سوچ بھی ساری پتھر کی تھی
شہر ہی سارا پتھر کا تھا
رات ہوئی تو میں نے دیکھا
چاند فلک پر پتھر کا تھا
تارے سارے پتھر کے تھے
چیخ جو ماری پتھر گونجے
چیخ بھی ساری پتھر کی تھی
لوٹ کے آیا خود کو دیکھا
اور پھر میں بھی پتھر کا تھا
Shaikh Abdul Aziz Dabbagh was a prominent Sufi scholar of the Shdhiliyah order. Owing to his moral excellence and righteousness, he endeavored to rejuvenate the Sufism according to the basic principles of Quran and Sunnah. This study aims at to explore the impacts of Shaikh Abdul Aziz Dabbagh’s ideology about Sufism in the territory of Sub-Continent. His philosophy about Sufism has some explicit and unique features which were different from other Sufis of his time. In his method, he gave special importance to abide by the rulings of Quran and Sunnah firmly rather than the prevailing Sufi traditions and asked his disciples to refrain from un-Islamic practices which were being accepted by other so-called Sufis. In this way, he exposed the genuine picture of Sufism before the world. Resultantly, his ideas were widely accepted in Scholars and masses too. In this study, his teachings about Sufism have been designated in detail and peculiarity from other Sufis has been focused.
Increase in research and commercial interest is observed in the area of digital watermarking in current era. Main reason behind this development is the extensive use of internet with high speed and bandwidth availability. As a result, sharing of multimedia content is increased significantly, which rises need for copyright protection and authentication. Digital watermarking provides vast commercial applications for securing content of different multimedia objects. However, watermarking can cause permanent loss in the content of the object. Different sensitive multimedia objects like medical, military, scientific etc. do not tolerate such permanent loss. Therefore, the distortion needs to be minimized or completely eliminated so that the true purpose of the multimedia content can be retained. Numerous watermarking techniques are available for different sensitive applications. Our objective is to propose reversible and secure techniques for watermarking different multimedia objects. Robust watermarking approaches are targeted in this research. Main focus is to achieve maximum watermarking capacity and to minimize embedding distortion, while preserving functional capability of the underlying multimedia object. Two different types of multimedia objects are targeted in our dissertation; these include relational databases and DNA medium. Genetic algorithm is selected in order to apply intelligent techniques for improving different properties of digital watermarking. Two relational database watermarking approaches are designed and developed; both approaches are reversible, robust, and follow the distortion tolerance of the attributes. First approach uses genetic algorithm to improve capacity, reduce distortion, and false positive rate of the difference expansion based watermarking technique. Whereas, second approach improves watermarking capacity, reduces distortion, and false positive rate of the reversible contrast mapping, which is first time designed for relational databases. A robust data hiding technique for DNA medium is proposed, which increases watermark capacity by improving current synonymous substitution technique and resists mutation losses. Moreover, synonymous substitution does not causes any disturbance in the amino acid sequence, thus the DNA functionality is retained. In order to tackle different DNA mutations binary strings and Reed Solomon Codes are applied. The watermark is encoded before embedding using Reed Solomon Codes and the structural information is retained using binary strings.