Home > Exegetical Preferences Tarjihat Adopted by Newwabsiddiqhasan Khan in His Commentary Fath Al-Bayanfi Maqasidal-Quran: Collection and Evaluation from Surah Younus to the End of Surah Al-Ankaboot
Exegetical Preferences Tarjihat Adopted by Newwabsiddiqhasan Khan in His Commentary Fath Al-Bayanfi Maqasidal-Quran: Collection and Evaluation from Surah Younus to the End of Surah Al-Ankaboot
According to terminology of the Quranic studies, Tarjīh (plural: Tarjīhāt) means preference of a later exegete to one of the many exegetical opinions about a particular verse or set of verses expressed by the previous generations of exegetes.Such preferences of the exegetical opinions give important clues to methodology and the intellectual outlook of a given commentary on the Holy Quran. This research aims at collection and evaluation of the exegetical preferences of Shaykh Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān in his commentary on the Holy Quran titled Fath al-Bayān Fī Maqāsid al-Qur''ān. His exegetical preferences encompass both Tafsīr bi al-Ma’athūr and Tafsīr bi al-Ra’iy and deal with juridical, linguistic, grammatical, theological, and doctrinal issues. He compares different exegetical opinions and expounds their strength and weaknesses in the light of relevant methodological principles and gives his own judgment at the end. In the present study, such methods and principles would be examined and discussed. It would be investigated what are the bases of his exegetical preferences and to what extent these preferences are plausible according to the methods and principles established in the science of Tafsīr. Thus, the study is envisaged to elaborate characteristics and significance of the selected commentary on the Holy Quran.It may be noted that Fath al-Bayān Fī Maqāsid al-Qur''ān is a well-known commentary on the Quran across the Muslim world. Numerous studies have been carried out on Shaykh Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān’s commentary on the Holy Quran titled Fath al-Bayān Fī Maqāsid al-Qur''ān. However, hardly any study focuses on his exegetical preferences which the present study is particularly focusing on. Some of the specific questions that this study seeks to answer are as follows: 1. What are the methodological foundations of the exegetical preferences of Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān in his commentary on the Holy Quran there are preferences in the rulings of S? 2. heikh Al Qannoji? And on what basis he preferred the opinions? And what terminology has been used when giving his favored opinion? And what is the impact of it in general?3. Whether Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān comes up with some novel interpretations o in his commentary on the Quran and simply confines himself to preference ofone or the other previously stated opinions? The research methodology will include collection, study, and assessment of the exegetical preferences given in Fath al-Bayān Fī Maqāsid al-Qur''ān. These preferences would be compared with the opinions on the same verses or issues expressed by other famous scholars of the field like al-Tabarī, al-Rāzī, Ibn al-Arabī, al-Qurtubī, Ibn ‘Atiyyah, al-Zamkhsharī, al-Baydāwī, Abī Hayyān, Ibn Kathīr, alSayūtī, Abū Sa‘ūd, al-Shawqānī, al-Alūsī, al-Qāsimī, Ibn ‘Ashūr, and so on. Then, these opinions would be analyzed and evaluated in the light of established principles of Tafsīr. At the end, either preferences of Nawwāb Siddīq Hasan Khān will be endorsed or their weakness would be pointed out. In short, this research would be inductive, comparative, and analytical in nature.
ٹرائسکی، لیون لیون ٹراٹسکی صاحب قلم بھی تھا دنیا لیون ٹراٹسکی (Leon Tratisky) کو صرف مزدوروں اور کسانوں میں انقلاب پیدا کرنے والے کی حیثیت سے جانتی تھی، حالانکہ انقلابی کے ساتھ وہ ایک ممتاز صاحب قلم بھی تھا، گزشتہ ۲۰؍ اگست ۱۹۴۰ء کو اسٹیلن (Stalin) کے اشارہ سے جیکسن (Jackson) کے ہاتھوں وہ قتل کیا گیا، اس کی موت انقلابی دنیا کے لئے تو بڑا حادثہ ہے ہی، لیکن ادبی دنیا کے لئے بھی کچھ کم دردناک سانحہ نہیں گو اس کی حیثیت ہندوستان میں بہت کم لوگوں کو معلوم ہے، سیاسی مشاغل کے ساتھ ساتھ اس کے ساتھ ہمیشہ ادبی مشاغل بھی جاری رہے، چنانچہ ۱۹۰۵ء کے انقلاب میں جب اسے سائبیریا جلاوطن کردیا گیا تھا، اور وہ وہاں سے فرار ہوکر وائنا پہنچا، تو یہاں برابر پروڈا (Pravada) میں مضامین لکھتا رہا، ۱۹۱۳ء میں جنگ بلقان کے سلسلہ میں اس نے جو خط و کتابت کی تھی، ادبی حیثیت سے اس کی خاص اہمیت ہے، کچھ دنوں تک امریکہ میں ایک اخبار کی ادارت بھی کی، غالباً یہ کسی کو معلوم نہ ہوگا کہ وہ اسٹالن کی سوانح لکھ رہا تھا، جس کا نصف حصہ انگریزی میں ترجمہ ہوچکا تھا، باقی حصہ نظرثانی کی وجہ سے اب تک پریس میں نہ جاسکا، یوں تو اس کے بہت سے چھوٹے چھوٹے ادبی کام ہیں، لیکن تاریخ انقلاب روس کی تین ضخیم مجلدات اس کا سب سے بڑا ادبی کارنامہ ہیں، اس کتاب نے دنیا کے ادیبوں اور مصنفوں میں اس کا پایہ بہت بلند کردیا ہے، اس موضوع پر اس حسن خوبی سے لکھنا اسی کا حصہ تھا، وہ مسلم الثبوت نثرنویس اور انشاء پرداز تھا، لینن کی موت پر اس نے جو تیرہ الفاظ کہے تھے، وہ روسی ادب کے موتی تصور کئے جاتے ہیں۔ (’’ا ۔ ع‘‘، نومبر ۱۹۴۰ء)
Navigation accuracy, which is an imperative performance indicator for mobile robots, is intimately associated with the grid mapping algorithm (G-mapping) accuracy. In an unstructured environment, mobile robot positioning accuracy is important to ensure safety. For this reason, in this study G-mapping Algorithm is modelled based on Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF) offering better results with a low number of sensors and features. To investigate various methods' effectiveness, a comparative analysis of three optimization methods namely Gradient descent, ANT colony, and firefly algorithm was made. The results exhibit that the firefly method performs well in terms of navigation accuracy, particle degradation, and ensuring mobile robot safety in a complex and unstructured environment.
Background and Aims: Antioxidants are being extensively explored for their cutaneous benefits. Green tea and sacred lotus are popular antioxidants since ancient times. Aim of this study was to explore cutaneous benefits of these historic plants after formulating them in a novel carrier system. Methods: After successive extractions of antioxidants from lotus and green tea, their antioxidant activities were measured through DPPH antioxidant assay. Extracts were encapsulated in W/O/W type multiple emulsions. To obtain multiple emulsions having long-term shelf storage stability, various hydrophilic emulsifiers were tried along with polymeric emulsifier cetyl dimethicone copolyol. The most suitable multiple emulsion with excellent skin compatibility have been used as carrier of extracts to the skin of healthy human subjects (n=33), after their informed consents. One group applied 5% green tea while a second group applied 5% lotus and a third group applied combination of both extracts on left cheeks once daily over a 60 days treatment course. A placebo multiple emulsion was applied on right cheek as control in all three groups. Non-invasive measurements were performed at specific time intervals using various biophysical techniques such Corneometry, Tewametry, Mexametry, Sebumetry and Skin profilometry. Results were justified through various statistical methods. Results: Green tea and lotus revealed strong antioxidant potentials and extracts were stable in a multiple emulsion, which showed shelf storage stability of 1 year. Furthermore, all the formulations subjected to patch test were skin compatible and multiple emulsions with combination of extracts showed superior skin compatibility IX profile. Results obtained through efficacy studies showed that green tea and lotus have strong skin rejuvenation potential by improving various parameters of skin physiology. For example (a) green tea and lotus improved barrier function of the skin (b) Interestingly all three formulations positively influenced in any way at some of the skin surface parameters (c) green tea plus lotus treatment found superior to placebo for its effectiveness on the skin’s melanin pigmentation whereas lotus treatment alone has remarkable effect than green tea alone (d) combined treatment with green tea and lotus has superior efficacy over green tea alone in sebum reduction. Overall, combined treatment found superior for its effects on healthy skin profile. Conclusions: It is concluded that, the synergistic effects of the lotus, together with the green tea, on various parameters of skin physiology appears due to constituents who have a potentiation effect. Key Words: Green tea, Lotus, Multiple emulsions, Suface Evaluation of Living Skin (SELS), Patch test, Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), Melanin, Erythema, Skin Sebum.