علم بڑی دولت ہے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
قُلْ ھَلْ یَسْتَوِی الَّذِیْنَ یَعْلَمُوْنَ وَالَّذِیْنَ لَا یَعْلَمُوْن۔صَدَقَ اللہ الْعَظِیْم
صاحب صدر معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر تقریر کرنے کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’علم بڑی دولت ہے‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
انسان حسن و جمال میں ایک دوسرے کے برابر ہوسکتا ہے، رنگ و روپ میں ایک دوسرے کے برابرہوسکتا ہے۔ قد کاٹھ میں ایک دوسرے کے برابر ہو سکتا ہے، گفتار ورفتار میں ایک دوسرے کی برابری کر سکتا ہے تحریرو تقریر میں یکسانیت کا امکان ہے، مال و دولت میں ہم پلہ ہوسکتا ہے، سونے چاندی کے ڈھیر کے پیما نے برابر ہو سکتے ہیں، قوت وسطوت میں برابری ہوسکتی ہے لیکن علم ایک ایسی دولت ہے جس میں جاہل اور عالم برابر نہیں ہو سکتے جس کے ترازوکا پلڑاعلم کے وزن سے بھاری ہو جاتا ہے پھر دنیا کی کوئی شے اس کا مقابلہ نہیں کر سکتی اس کے پلڑے کو اُوپر اٹھانا تو در کنار اس کی برابری کا تصور تک نہیں کر سکتا۔
معزز سامعین!
یہ صرف میں نہیں کہہ رہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، بلکہ تاریخ اسلام کی نامور ہستیوں نے کہا۔ صالحین نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، متقین نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، اولیاء نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، ابدال نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، قطب نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، غوث نے ہزاروں کے مجمعے میں پیغامِ تو حید پہنچا کر کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے،حضرت بلال ص نے اپنے آپ کوتپتی ر یت پر لٹا کر کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، خبیبص نے خود کوسولی پر چڑھا کر کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت...
The position of poetry remained unchanged in Islam as it was before Islam, however with due some changes it was used as a weapon for the sake of Islam. This article will explain that how the poetry played a vital role in preaching of Islam. Islam absolutely encourages good wholesome poetry, which inspires one towards the fear of Allah, towards His awe and obedience, and towards anything that is good and made permissible by Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ). Following discussions are made in this article: Firstly Qur’anic views towards poetry; as the word poet came in Qur’an four times while the word poetry once. The total verses in which we see the word poetry are six. Secondly preaching of ethics through poetry; as we see that before Islam the Arab society was without any ethics, the Muslim poet called them for an exemplary life like of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) Using of Qur’anic notion in poetry. Thirdly the Qur’anic notion was used largely in the beginning of Islam, especially by Ḥassān bin Thābit, ʻAbdullāh Bin Rawāḥah, Kaʻb Bin Zubayr and Nābighah Al Jaʻdī etc. Fourthly Answer to non-believers through poetry; as Ḥassān bin Thābit did through his poetry, and answer to the opposition, which impacts more sharp than sword and lastly using of Poetry during the war; it was considered as one of the biggest source for encouraging towards holly wars, the example of Haḍrat Khansā is most prominent. The research article basically focuses upon the importance of poetry in Islam, moreover how the weapon of poetry has been used by Islamic poets for defending Islam and how Islamic poetry vastly used for spreading of golden teachings of Islam.
Development and Electrochemical Characterization of Nanocomposites for Biogas Based Fuel Cells There is an urgent need to explore affordable and renewable energy resources because of the decline in reserves of fossil fuels. Biomass is an abundantly available resource in nature and can be used to generate energy in a sustainable manner. Fuel cells deliver a combination of advantages and make use of renewable energy sources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), specifically, overcome the petroleum scarcity issue by using biofuel. The aim of this thesis is the development of nanocomposite electrolytes and anode composite catalysts for low-temperature SOFCs fuelled with biogas for clean energy applications. In the present work, Sr/Sm-doped ceria (Sr-SDC) nanocomposite electrolytes with a core shell structure are synthesized with different compositions for low temperature SOFCs. A co-doping technique is successfully used to achieve a significant enhancement in the ionic conductivity of 0.50 S/cm at 600 ˚C for the nanocomposite electrolyte Sr0.1Sm0.1Ce0.8O2-δ-carbonate. The carbonate phase (shell layer) acts as a barrier and protects the SDC (core) from the partial reduction by the fuel. This carbonate shell introduces an interface between these two phases, which is the key to realizing the interfacial super-ionic conduction pathways. This work also describes the development of ceria electrolytes that are doped and co-doped with lanthanum (La) and zirconium (Zr) and show excellent thermal stability. The ionic conductivity of La0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (LDC), Zr0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (ZDC) and Zr0.2La0.2Ce0.6O2-δ (ZLDC) has been measured in the temperature ranges of 450 °C to 650 °C and LDC achieved a high ionic conductivity of 0.81 × 10-2 S/cm. Thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of these electrolytes have also been found to have good concurrence and compatibility with commonly used electrolytes and electrodes. The main objective of this work is the development of stable and active anode catalysts that run over biogas as well as hydrogen for low temperature SOFCs. The anode composite Ni0.6Zn0.4Gd0.2Ce0.8O2-δ (NiZn-GDC) has been developed that exhibits semiconductor conductive behaviour, and a maximum conductivity of 1.37 S/cm has been achieved at 600 ˚C. This composite anode is found to have excellent thermally stability as well as being carbon resistant to coking during testing with biogas. A maximum power density of 820 and 548 mW/cm2 has been reported with hydrogen and biogas fuels, respectively, at 600 ˚C. This thesis also describes Ni-based and Ni-free anode catalysts NiLiCu-oxide with LDC for SOFCs fuelled with biogas. The anode composite NLC622-LDC has reported a maximum DC conductivity of 3.47 S/cm with Pmax of 650 and 390 mW/cm2 for hydrogen and biogas, respectively, at 600 ˚C. A Ni free anode catalyst Zn0.2Li0.2Cu0.6O2-δ (ZnLiCu-oxide) is also developed as a potential candidate for biogas-based SOFCs that bypasses the difficulty of carbon deposition and has a maximum conductivity of 4.0 S/cm at 600 ˚C. An open circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.96 V is achieved with maximum power density of 600 mW/cm2 with biogas (50% methane) at 650 ˚C. In the present work, a theoretical model of FC system has been designed using MATLAB software, and it makes use of biomass (animal waste, redwood, rice husk and sugar cane). In the last part of the thesis, a partial research work has been conducted to cast the tapes of NiO-GDC (NiO-Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95) as anode and GDC (Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95) as electrolyte via aqueous tape casting method. The aqueous tape casting is an emerging and cost-effective technique for the commercialization of SOFCs but faces challenges with ceria tapes due to its poor mechanical strength and co-sintering of half-cells.