IMPLEMENTASI TEORI BEHAVIORISME TERHADAP PEMBIASAAN MEMBACA ASMAUL HUSNA

The theory of learning behaviorism observe the change of one's behavior as a result of past experience. This theory emphasizes that the behavior is a result of the interaction between the stimulus and the response. This theory does not recognize the presence of innate intelligence or derivatives, but rather recognizes that intelligence is influenced by environmental factors. This theory can be applied in learning that requires practice, habituation and repetition. Therefore, to introduce and understand about Asmaul Husna, the theory of behaviorism can be applied in the process of habituation. The recitation of Asmaul Husna is very much contained in its role. Among them to introduce and hang students about Asmaul Husna, so students will feel closer to God if they often apply Asmaul Husna readings and will always feel that everything we do is supervised by God. Like the example of one of the traits contained in Asmaul Husna.  Based on the discussion, the problem raised is how to implement behaviorism theory to the habituation of Asmaul Husna reading.

Moleclar and Biochemical Studies of Rhizobial Strains to Improve Growth and Yield of Legumes

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the soil and plant associated bacteria that promote growth and yield of plant by various mechanisms. PGPR are important in agriculture as it has replaced the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other supplements. Rhizosphere microorganisms produce the substances that promote growth in large quantities that affect plant’s morphology indirectly. In the proposed study, root nodulating bacteria were isolated from chickpea and pea. Their nodulation activity, biofilm formation, root colonization were observed and characterized for solubilization of phosphate, production of indole acetic acid and fixation of nitrogen. Potential root nodulating bacteria were identified using 16S rRNA, ITS and nodC gene sequence analysis. AHLs were detected using thin layer chromatography. Potential root nodulating bacteria were evaluated to enhance yield and growth of chickpea and pea. All the strains were analyzed for growth promotion abilities in growth chamber experiment. Soil analysis was done before pot experiment. Strains were evaluated for their improvement in yield and growth of chickpea and peas. Rhizobium bangladeshense was isolated from pea nodules for the first time. Overall Mesorhizobium ciceri strain CM1 and CM2 showed the best results on chickpea as compared to control. It was confirmed for the first time that Rhizobium bangladeshense nodulates pea. Rhizobium bagladeshense PM3 and Rhizobium leguminosarum strains PM1 showed the best results on peas. Co-inoculation with Rhizobium bangladeshense PM3 and Rhizobium leguminosarum PM2 strain showed the best result on peas as compared to single inoculation.