حکیم محمد اختر کا فروغ تصوف میں کردار

Sufism is the heart of Islam. It is attached with Islam as the human soul is woven within the body. Sufis have always been the center of Muslim society, especially; in the sub-continent, they have firmly imprinted their marks in every sphere of life. Various mystic traditions as Naqshbandi, Chishti, Qadri etc. Are commonly known in India and Pakistan. This study explores the great Sufi, Hakim Mohammad Akhtar, for his unprecedented services in the field of mystic practices, poetry and Islamic literature. In the initial part of the study, his family background and educational account have been described which show that not only he was a passionate follower of mystic legacy from an early age but a true stalwart of Islam. The historical account of Hakim Akhtar reveals that he was a staunch devotee of Molana Rome which resulted in the form of his famous book "Maarif-e-Masnawi". In the latter part of the study, his character and work are unveiled in a chronological order. As the follower of Sufi tradition, Hakim Akhtar was against personal glorification. Through this research study, some astonishing hidden aspects of his life have been discovered which will help his disciples and devotees to follow the path of their mentor perfectly.

Performance Evaluation of Brick Masonry Building Against Blast Loading

primary school buildings are fabricated from unreinforced burnt clay brick masonry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. These school buildings are being targeted with improvised explosive devices in the terrorist activities after 9/11 continuously. Consequently, several hundred schools were partially damaged or fully collapsed due to improvised explosive devices detonated in close vicinity. These school buildings are reconstructed again by the government agencies without proper scientific knowledge of blast loading phenomenon and the expected response of masonry buildings. Consequently, this research study is carried out to evaluate response of brick masonry against blast loading. In this report, response of burnt clay brick masonry against blast loading is investigated experimentally. A representative primary school full scale unreinforced brick masonry building and three different masonry systems (unreinforced, ferrocement overlay and confined masonry) were fabricated in the field from typical burnt clay bricks with cement-sand (1:6) mortar commonly used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. All the four test specimens were placed on an equal spacing on the perimeter of circle with a 3.66 m radius. The shock waves were generated at the centre of the circle by igniting cylindrical shaped explosive charges placed at 0.91m height from the ground surface. The test specimens were subjected to similar blast scenario in the eight successive events with increasing explosive charge weights but fixed stand-off distances. The recorded pressure data was processed and an empirical model predicting peak over pressure for the cylindrical shaped explosives was developed. The damage level in test specimens was evaluated after each successive blast event. Weak zones in masonry room were identified and safe scaled distance for masonry room before collapse was experimentally acquired. Scaled distances for different damage levels in the masonry system of walls were obtained. The relative response of different masonry systems subjected to similar blast loading environment was evaluated. The confined masonry, ferrocement overlay masonry and unreinforced masonry walls were found in an increasing order of their responses against blast loading.