The Effectiveness of Salt Business Empowering Program (Pugar) on Salt Farmers’ Income Improvement in Kedungmutih Village of Demak Regency

Indonesian national low productivity of salt which is unequal between the need level and salt consumption eventually results in salt import made mainly to meet the industrial needs. The government through the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries has released a Public Salt Business Empowering Program (known as PUGAR/Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat). PUGAR is an empowering program focusing on the improvement of job opportunities and welfare for salt farmers/managers to achieve the self-sufficiency of salt for consumptions and industries. This research aims at examining the influence of salt business empowering program on the salt farmers’ income improvement in Kedungmalang village of Jepara Regency; the implementation level of salt business empowering program in Kedungmutih Village of Demak Regency when compared to that in Kedungmalang Village of Jepara Regency; and the influence of salt business empowering program on the salt farmers’ income improvement in Kedungmutih village of Demak regency. The research was conducted using a descriptive method with a case study approach. The program implementation was quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of PUGAR on income was analyzed using T-test. The test result showed that there were income differences in Kedungmutih and Kedungmalang Village before and after the implementation of PUGAR. This finding showed that PUGAR was proven as an effective program to improve the salt farmers’ welfare through income improvement.

The Role of Androgen on Masculinization and Growth Performance of Cyprinus Carpio

Despite the fact that Cyprinus carpio is third most culturable fish species in the world but due to pond breeder, it have constraint to over populate the pond, so overcome this problem, the present project “the role of androgen on masculinization and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio” was performed to determine the optimal dose rate of oral administration of the androgen 17α-Methyltestosterone (MT) for phenotypic sex reversal of C. carpio and comparing growth performance of sex reversed and normal C. carpio as well as in order to determine the effect of 17α-MT towards meat quality (proximate composition). The project comprised in two experimental phases i.e. phase I: sex reversal phase, in which sex reversal of C. carpio was done by oral administration of 17α-MT applied @ 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg.kg -1 of ornamental fish feed (30% crude protein), completed in five glass aquaria (70 litter capacity each) along with one replication, feeding @ 2% of wet body weight twice a time daily for 30days and phase II, the growth phase, was completed in 5 earthen ponds in which the growth performance of sex reversed and normal C. carpio feeding @ 2% of wet body weight along with organic manure (cow manure) @ 0.1gN/100g of fish body weight daily during the experiment periods of 281 days was monitored. Morphometric characteristics i.e. wet body weight and total length recorded showed statistically highly significant interaction on fortnightly basis and among the treatments (P<0.01). At the end of the project, sex evaluation and analysis of meat quality of experimental fish was performed. 100 % male population of C. caprio was achieved by 17α- MT @ 100mg.kg -1 of feed with respect to 50% male population in control treatment, resulting in increasing trend of crude protein and fat deposition as hormone (MT) concentration increased, yielding maximum 2398.83 kg gross fish production.hec -1 .yr -1 as compare to control treatment 50% male with minimum growth yield by control treatment was 1693.58 kg gross fish production.hec -1 .yr -1 .