بلڈ بینک کا قیام اور انتقال خون کے مسئلہ کا ایک تحقیقی جائزہ قرآن و سنت کی روشنی میں

Consideration of illness in the rulings of Islamic Sharia fully understands and estimates the danger and potential loss in case of illness. Islamic Sharia has given illness a complete consideration. Sometimes human needs blood which is important for life as is oxygen. Without blood, it’s not possible to survive. Blood is needed in certain amount and God has given us some surplus amount in the body which comes into action in case some blood is flowed from the body. This extra blood can save human life. Previously it was not possible to preserve the extra blood but now advancement of science has made it possible to save it and to use it to help some lives of other people. An ill person can be helped and saved by injecting the needed blood. Nowadays blood banks are working all over the world and are helping save lives of human beings. Blood transfusion is not only permitted rationally, ethically and traditionally but it is a matter of great reward to help humanity. So, establishing blood banks is purely a human activity and a very good thing. This article discusses blood banks and its establishment under the light of Islamic Sharia.

Intelligent Database Strategy for Marketing Decision Support System

In the current competitive marketing world, it is notably significant for decision makers to have intelligent tools that support decisions making quickly, rightly and accurately. Marketing is one of the areas in which decisions are taken on complex marketing environment based on uncertain, inaccurate and ambiguous information. In addition, the problem could have multiple criteria on which the decisions are made. In this dissertation, first Formal Specification Notation is proposed. The proposed notation is robust, convenient and suitable for varying nature problems. It deals both crisp and fuzzy data, for requirement specification, that leads to minimization of ambiguity and uncertainty arising from manifold market or other sources. Secondly, concept of Hypothetical Database is used to develop What-if database constructor. It allows the decision makers to analyse the data/information from the original database by generating what-if scenarios to evaluate the future strategies for marketing. Lastly, a new algorithm is proposed for decision support system based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) approach and Area ranking of fuzzy numbers based on positive and negative ideal point’s method. Area ranking method captures the risk attitude of decision makers. For the validation of proposed algorithm and 5P’s marketing mix elements, a case study of a company is conducted as an example.