اسقاط حمل كے شرعى احكام عصری تناظر میں تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Human beings are the masterpieces of the Creator of the universe and He enjoined them to preserve human life. One form of the preservation of life is the utmost care for the rights of even an embryo. The study of the rights of the embryo laid down in the primary scriptures of Islam suggests that the embryo is accorded respect like living people. The rights of children start well before their birth. At present, cases ofabortion are reported daily. Muslim jurists have dwelled on ordinances about abortion for the benefit of people. At present,  medical science has revealed all the stages of childbirth from conception to delivery. The effects of abortion, both positive and negative, are not hard to grasp in the light of modern scientific research Not to talk of living people, Islam guarantees the life of the early developmental stage of a baby within the uterus of the mother. This extraordinary care for a child during its embryonic period demonstrates that Islam attaches high priority to human life even before its start on the face of the Earth. Should one abort without a legitimate cause, the legal experts from the main schools of Islamic jurisprudence hold that the perpetrator will pay a fine and make compensation. If, on the other hand, a fetus is removed from the womb to end a pregnancy as it may harm a woman physically, it is allowable;  only a healthy mother may give birth to healthy babies. In a like manner, when a couple feels unable to train and educate somany kids, they may have an operation to end a pregnancy by removing an embryo. However, while resorting to abortion,  parents must not lose sight of the do’s and don’ts of abortion jurists have laid down and not just fall victim to the catchy slogan of “family planning”.

Reducing the Incidence of Workplace Bullying and Mitigating its Impact on Employee Performance

Motivating work environment enhances performance of human resources whereas workplace hurdles, stressors and hazards result in a decline in their performance. Workplace bullying is a major workplace hazard that results in low employee performance. Hence, its incidence must be controlled and impact on employee performance must be mitigated. The current study was conducted to analyze the workplace bullying phenomenon, reduce its incidence by implementing antibullying interventions and mitigating its impact on employee performance by enhancing the level of emotional intelligence of the victims through emotional intelligence training interventions in health care sector of Pakistan. This study was carried in three stages: (i) Pretest stage, (ii) Treatment of Bully Group and Victim Group, (iii) posttest stage. In Pretest Stage, bullying incidence was reported and groups of bullies and victims were identified. There were 25 bullies who were lacking personality trait of agreeableness and 126 victims who had personality trait of agreeableness. In Stage 2: Treatment of Bully Group, anti-bullying interventions developed through The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) to change bullies’ behavior were applied to 22 bullies who agreed to be the part of TTM anti-bullying interventions. Moreover, in Stage 2: Treatment of Victim Group was carried out where employee performance and emotional intelligence level of 101 identified victims were assessed. By providing an informed consent, 36 victims with low level of emotional intelligence became the part of EI training interventions. In stage 3: posttest data was collected and analyzed. Results of Wilcoxon Signed Ranked test revealed significant decrease in bullying incidence and paired sample T-Test showed significant increase in emotional intelligence. Results of moderation analysis revealed that EI had significantly moderated relationship between workplace bullying and employee performance. Significant decrease in negative effect of workplace bullying incidence on employee performance was found when the level of emotional intelligence was enhanced. Similar results were reported in both pre and post-EI-interventions implementation stages. However, negative effect in post-EI-interventions implementation stage was relatively lower as a resultant higher level of emotional intelligence. Current study also discussed limitations or directions for future research and various important implications for theory, research and practice.