سیالکوٹ میں اردوغزل (اقبال سے صابر ظفر تک)
علامہ اقبالؒ کی شاعری کا ایک بڑا حصہ غزلیہ اشعار پر مشتمل ہے۔بانگِ درا،بالِ جبریل اور ضربِ کلیم شعری مجموعوں میں اقبالؒ کی کثیر تعداد میں غزلیں ملاحظہ کی جا سکتی ہیں۔ان میں کچھ مسلسل غزلیں بھی ہیں جن میں ایک ہی طرح کے مضامین ملتے ہیں۔اقبالؒ داغ دہلوی کے شاگرد تھے ان کی ابتدائی شاعری پر داغ کے اثرات دیکھے جا سکتے ہیں۔"باقیاتِ اقبال "کے نام سے مختلف محققین نے اقبالؒ کا جو منسوخ کلام مرتب کیا ہے ان پر بھی داغ کا رنگ واضح نظر آتا ہے۔بانگ ِ درا کی کچھ غزلوں میں بھی داغ کا اندازِ بیان دیکھا جا سکتا ہے۔اگرچہ اقبالؒ کی غزل کے مضامین کلاسیکل اور روایتی شاعری سے منفرد ہیں لیکن کہیں کہیں کلاسیکل اور روایتی رنگ دیکھا جا سکتا ہے۔اس حوالے سے کلام ِ اقبال ملاحظہ ہو:
مانا کہ تیری دید کے قابل نہیں ہوں میں
تو میرا شوق دیکھ میرا انتظار دیکھ
کھولی ہیں ذوقِ دید نے آنکھیں تری اگر
ہر رہگزر میں نقش کف پائے یار دیکھ1
نہ آتے ہمیں اس میں تکرار کیا تھی
مگر وعدہ کرتے ہوئے عار کیا تھی
تمہارے پیامی نے سب راز کھولا
خطا اس میں بندے کی سرکار کیا تھی
بھری بزم میں اپنے عاشق کو تاڑا
تری آنکھ مستی میں ہشیار کیا تھی
تامل تو تھا ان کو آنے میں قاصد
مگر یہ بتا طرزِ انکار کیا تھی2
موت کا نسخہ ابھی باقی ہے اے درد فراق
چارہ گر دیوانہ ہے ،میں لادوا کیونکر ہوا
میرے مٹنے کا تماشا دیکھنے کی چیز تھی
کیا بتاؤں ان کا میرا سامنا کیونکر ہوا3
انوکھی وضع ہے سارے زمانے سے نرالے ہیں
یہ عاشق کو ن سی بستی کے یا رب !رہنے والے ہیں
رلاتی ہے مجھے راتوں کو خاموشی ستاروں کی
نرالا عشق ہے میرا...
This research paper focuses on socio-economic conditions of home-based working women in Hyderabad Division, of Sindh Pakistan. Main objectives of this research are (i) to analyze the Socio-economic condition of home-based working women (ii) to assess the poverty and home-based work (iii) to find out the illiteracy and home-based work (iv) to investigate the role of handicrafts and home-based work in cultural and economic development (v) to unearth the Sindhi culture of handicrafts in Hyderabad Division. To achieve research objectives qualitative research approach is adopted and data is collected by four case studies in Hyderabad division. All cases are selected randomly and analyzed by using thematic analysis method. Present study concluded that researched area is rich in handicrafts business. Women engaged themselves in home-based work due to poverty, unemployment and poor financial conditions of their families. This business has very low profit but female preferred this work due less skills and education required to carry handicrafts business. Home-based workers felt empowered due to having their own income and took part in decision making. In last it is recommended for policy makers and government agencies to give priority to this business because it has potential. It is necessary for economic development of families, culture and country.
The experiment was conducted in research area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Sixty genotypes of Brassica napus L. were screened under Polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) mediated drought stress at seedling stage. Data were recorded on mean values for shoot length (mm), root length (mm), fresh root and shoot weight (g) and dry root and shoot weight (g). Eight genotypes i.e. Faisal sarson, Dunkled, RBN, Punjab sarson, Rainbow, Chakwal sarson, Shiralee and Legand were selected as female and four as open pollinated males i.e. DGL, Cyclone, Zm- 21 and 8- LBN. These selected genotypes were crossed in line × tester fashion and 32 crosses and their parents were evaluated under four treatments including control (T0) were applied viz no irrigation at flowering stage (T1), no irrigation at seed set stage (T2) and no irrigation at whole plant growth stage (T3). Data were recorded for morphological and physiological traits for each treatment on yield and yield components viz. plant height, days taken to flowering, days taken to maturity, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, silique length, number of seeds per siliquae, 1000-seed weigh, seed yield per plant, oil contents and water contents. The recorded data was subjected to various analysis to determine genetic variability, general and specific combining ability effects, heritability and interrelationship among the traits. All genotypes showed significant results in all treatments. The study revealed that parents Dunkled, Legand, Chakwal sarson, Zm-21 and DGL were good general combiners for seed yield and related traits therefore these parental lines can be utilized for developing further hybrids. Based on SCA effects the cross Chakwal sarson × Zm-21, Rainbow × DGL and Shiralee × DGL were best for yield in all treatments respectively. It is suggested to test these hybrids on large scale to know their potential and stability. Based on heterotic studies, Punjab sarson × DGL and Dunkled × Zm-21 were the best performer over MPH and BPH while Punjab sarson × DGL, Punjab sarson × Cyclone, Chakwal sarson × Cyclone, Punjab sarson × Zm-21, Chakwal sarson × 8-LBN and Legand × 8- LBN performed best over mid parent at all treatments. Gene action varied with the breeding material. High heritability was observed for most of the traits in all treatments indicating presence of additive gene action. Correlation was positive for most yield related traits but primary branches, secondary branches and 1000-seed weight was common in all treatments.