A study on "Agro Physiological study of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different management systems” was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Serai Nourang (Bannu), NWFP – Pakistan for 2-years during 2003-04 and 2004-05. This study comprised four research experiments. An experiment entitled “To study the effect of irrigation levels under various nitrogen levels” were studied, during this experiment five irrigation levels (120 mm, 230 mm, 360 mm, 470 mm and 600 mm) and five nitrogen doses (Control, 40 kg ha -1 , 80 kg ha -1 , 120 kg ha -1 and 140 kg ha -1 ) were evaluated. Data recorded from the irrigation treatments revealed that maximum (688.45) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (1.66), grains spike -1 (70.57), 1000-grain weight (47.98 g), grain yield (2677.00 kg ha - 1 ), biological yield (13978.00 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (11.91 %), protein (6.64 %), net income (Rs. 39300.00), BCR (3.27 %) and MRR % (327.35) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water. Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both year. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that nitrogen doses significantly affected all parameters except harvest index. It can be inferred from the data showed that maximum (713.50) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (1.74), grains spike -1 (67.06), 1000-grain weight (47.47 g), grain yield (2806.75 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10817.13 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (11.49 %), protein (6.33 %), net income (Rs. 34844.00), BCR (2.96 %) and MRR % (296.11) was noted from the plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 . The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. In case of interaction between irrigation and nitrogen it was observed that maximum (843.00) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (1.61), grains spike -1 (74.90), 1000-grain weight (49.72 g), grain yield (3150.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (16260.00 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (15.02 %), protein (14.94 %), net income (Rs. 48087.00), BCR (3.65 %) and MRR % (364.685) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water and fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two years average viThe 2 nd experiment was conducted to study the response of wheat to various irrigation levels and different seed rates, five irrigation levels (I 1 = 120 mm, I 2 = 230 mm, I 3 = 360 mm, I 4 = 470 mm and I 5 = 600 mm) and five seed rates (S 1 = 60 kg ha -1 , S 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , S 3 = 100 kg ha -1 , S 4 = 120 kg ha -1 and S 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ) were used.. Data recorded from the irrigation treatments revealed that maximum (362.35) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (64.80), leaf area index (4.24), 1000-grain weight (43.19 g), grain yield (3130.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (13167.50 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 44283.00), BCR (3.71 %) and MRR % (370.82) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water. The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that seed rates were significantly affected all parameters except biological yield and harvest index. It can be inferred from the data showed that maximum ((346.10) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (62.70), leaf area index (4.08), 1000-grain weight (43.15 g), grain yield (3160.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10403.00 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 39967.00), BCR (3.46 %) and MRR % (345.95) was noted from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 . In 2004-05 and both year average, almost the same trend was observed. In case of interaction between irrigation and seed rate it was observed that maximum (386.25) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (70.00), leaf area index (4.78), 1000-grain weight (45.20 g), grain yield (3800.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (14287.50 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 54043.00), BCR (4.26 %) and MRR % (426.35) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water and seed rate was used @ 120 kg ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two years average. Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both years An experiment entitled “Yield and yield components of wheat as affected by different seed rates and nitrogen levels” was conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05. Five seed rates (S 1 = 60 kg ha -1 , S 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , S 3 = 100 kg ha -1 , S 4 = 120 kg ha -1 and S 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ) and five nitrogen doses (N 0 = Control, N 1 = 40 kg ha -1 , N 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , N 3 = 120 kg ha -1 and N 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ) were applied. Analysis of the data recorded from the irrigation treatments showed that maximum (334.85) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (4.50), grains spike -1 (60.80), 1000-grain weight (41.91 g), grain yield (3957.64 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10172.40 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (7.13 %), protein (6.90 %), net income (Rs. 50225.00), BCR (4.28 %) and MRR % (428.27) was noted from the plots which were seeded with 120 kg ha -1 . Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both years. Statistical analysis of the data also viirevealed maximum (348.00) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (4.42) grains spike -1 (63.90), 1000-grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4145.14 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10579.75 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (9.87 %), protein (8.09 %), net income (Rs. 52831.00), BCR (4.46 %) and MRR % (446.21) was noted from the plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 . The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. In case of interaction between irrigation and nitrogen it was observed that maximum (380.75) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (5.39), grains spike -1 (68.25), 1000-grain weight (44.20 g), grain yield (4663.20 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (11270.00 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (11.82 %), protein (13.55 %), net income (Rs. 60179.00), BCR (4.88 %) and MRR % (488.25) was noted from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 seed rate and fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 , while maximum leaf area index (1.57) was recorded from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 and fertilized with 80 kg N ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004- 05 and in two year average The 4 th experiment was conducted to study the response of different wheat varieties to various seed rates. The experiment consists of five different wheat varieties (V 1 = Nasir - 2k, V 2 = Salim - 2k, V 3 = Bakhtawar-92, V 4 = Fakhre-e-Sarhad and V 5 = Lucky J-03) were sown at five various seed rates (S1 = 60 kg ha -1 , S 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , S 3 = 100 kg ha -1 , S 4 = 120 kg ha -1 and S 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ). Data recorded from the varieties treatments revealed that maximum tillers m -2 (377.30), leaf area index (4.10), grains spike -1 (68.05), 1000-grain weight (45.24 g), grain yield (4022.50 kg ha - 1 ), biological yield (16660.92 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 61921.00), BCR (4.99 %) and MRR % (499.49) was noted from the plots sown with variety Fakhre Sarhad . The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that seed rates were significantly affected all parameters except biological yield and harvest index. It can be inferred from the data showed that maximum ((369.20) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (65.30), leaf area index (4.03), 1000- grain weight (45.30 g), grain yield (4222.80 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (15030.53 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 62119.00), BCR (5.18 %) and MRR % (518.03) was noted from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 . In 2004-05 and in two years average, almost the same trend was observed. In case of interaction between varieties and seed rate it was observed that maximum (420.25) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (4.79), grains spike -1 (74.00), 1000-grain weight (47.33 g), grain yield (4676.25 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (19535.16 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 66863.00), BCR (5.47 %) and MRR % (546.95) viiiwas noted from the plots sown with Fakhre Sarhad and seed rate was used @ 120 kg ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two year average. Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both years.
"ہر جان موت کو چکھنے والی ہےاور قیامت کے دن تم اپنے پورے پورے بدلے دیئے جاؤ گے"۔
اس آیت میں اللہ تعالٰی نے فرما دیا ہے کہ جو زندگی تم اس فانی دنیا میں گزارو گے اپنے اعمال کے مطابق سزا یا جزا پاؤ گے اور کسی پر ذرہ برابر بھی ظلم نہ کیا جائے گا۔
حافظ مبشر حسین تحریر فرماتے ہیں:
"جو لوگ یہ سمجھتے ہیں کہ انسان اور یہ کائنات حادثاتی طور پر خودبخود پیدا ہوگئ تھی موت کے بارے میں بھی ان کی یہی سوچ ہے کہ یہ سب خودبخود فنا ہو جائے گا۔لیکن اسلام ہمیں بتاتا ہے کہ اس کائنات کا ایک خالق و مالک ہے جس نے خاص مقصد کے تحت اس کائنات اور اس میں بسنے والوں کو وجود بخشا ہے اسی کے حکم سے انسان پیدا ہوتا ہے اور اسی کے حکم سے مرتا ہے انسان کو پیدا کرنے کا مقصد یہ ہے کہ انسان اپنے پیدا کرنے والے کی عبادت کرے اور اسی کے حکم کے مطابق زندگی بسر کرے گویا زندگی انسان کے لیے مہلت ہےاس مہلت سے فائدہ اٹھاتے ہوئے اگلی زندگی کی بہتری کی کوشش کی تو وہ کامیاب اور اگر اس مہلت سے فائدہ نہ اٹھا سکا تو اگلی زندگی میں بھی نقصان اٹھانے والوں کی صف میں ہوگا"۔[[2]]
اس فصل میں تفسیر ضیاء القران کی روشنی میں عقیدۂ آخرت کے...
Aims Of Study: The purpose of the study was to assess the functional capabilities of patients with Stage III Parkinson's disease (PD). Functional status of PD patients declines due to impaired postural reflexes and characteristic loss of balance which became evident at Stage III thus activities of daily living (ADLs) are compromised as the severity of the disease increases.
Methodology: Descriptive case series was conducted on stage III PD patients (n=64). Patients with age ranges from 45 to 75 years were recruited and patients with other neurological issues were excluded. They were assessed using a Functional independence measure scale having reliability 0.95.
Results: Out of 64 patients, 75% required minimal assistance and 9.4% required supervision while performing the ADLs. Whereas, 81% of patients need 2 hours of personal care assistance according to burden of care.
Limitations & Future Implications: Only functional status of PD patient is determined no exercise regime or intervention were incorporated to assess their impact on the PD patient functional activities. Thus, future studies should be carried out to find the correlation between aerobic exercises and their impact on PD patient level of functional independence.
Originality: Information added was all taken from databases and reduced to similarity index and was not submitted to any other journal.
Conclusion: Stage III Parkinson’s disease patient required minimal level of assistance while performing tasks of daily living. However, majority of these patients required 2 hours of personal care assistance on average per day to compete with daily living.
In Chapter 1, some necessary definitions and results from graph theory are given along with a description on the progress towards the relationship of graph theory with other sciences like chemistry. Involvement of graph theory in Chemistry has emerged as a separate science known as chemical graph theory. In Chapter 2, we study the ordering of connected graphs having small degree distances. Families of graphs that are mainly considered there are trees, unicyclic graphs, bicyclic graphs and general simple connected graphs. While giving an order- ing to these graphs having small degree distances results were proved dealing with the diameter in ascending order. In Chapter 3, using the ideas presented in last chapter trees and unicyclic con- nected graphs were separately ordered with respect to the degree distance index (in increasing order). Same technique (as in Chapter 2) was used in proving the main results of this chapter i.e. dealing with the diameter of trees (resp. unicyclic graphs). A list of four trees and four extremal unicyclic graphs is given there. In Chapter 4, lower and upper bounds on degree distance index are determined in terms of various graphical parameters like Zagreb index, order, size, diameter, radius, minimum degree, and graphs for which these bounds are attained are characterized. Chapter 5 deals with an ordering of trees having small general sum-connectivity index. In last Chapter some comments are given, in the same chapter some open problems are also proposed.