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Home > Accumulation and Partitioning of Cadmium, Zinc and Copper in Cereal and Legume Crops under City Effluent Irrigation and Phosphorus Application

Accumulation and Partitioning of Cadmium, Zinc and Copper in Cereal and Legume Crops under City Effluent Irrigation and Phosphorus Application

Thesis Info

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Author

Hussain, Amir

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/1499

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725430299

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A survey study was conducted in urban area of Faisalabad to compare concentration of Cd, Zn and Cu in cereal and legume crops irrigated with raw effluent, tubewell and canal waters. The results showed that there were significant variation in EC, pH and concentration Cd & Cu of effluents at sampling location due to different sources of effluent and their subsequent dilution in down stream. Raw effluent has 13, 2.5 and 4.5 times higher amount of Cd, Zn and Cu than canal water, but were within permissible limits for their use as irrigation water. No significant variations in irrigation quality parameters of canal and tubewell waters at differrent locations were observed. There were elevated levels of AB-DTPA extractable Cd, Zn and Cu in effluent irrigated soils over tubewell or canal irrigated soils but all metals were with in safe limits. About 70% of the metals were deposited in upper 30 cm soil surface. Chickpea, maize and mungbean were found maximum accumulators of Cd, Zn and Cu, respectively in grains while the order of Cd in shoot was mungbean > maize > chickpea > wheat. Highest concentration of Zn and Cu was in mungbean shoots. Mungbean roots accumulated the highest amount of Cd, while wheat accumulated Zn and Cu. Effluent irrigated chickpea grain accumulated Cd above permissible limit of WHO (0.20 mg kg -1 ) with mean concentration of 0.177 mg kg -1 while maize and mungbean followed chickpea. Green house study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cd in irrigation water on behavior of Cd, Zn and Cu in soil and their uptake by legume (chickpea, mungbean) and cereal (wheat, maize) crops. Wheat yield was not affected by the application of Cd in canal water up to 5 ppm. Application of Zn and Cu together gave the highest grain yield. Concentration of Cd increased in plant parts by increasing Cd level in irrigation water. The trend of Cu was not consistent but grain Cu was generally increased in chickpea and mungbean crops at the highest level of Cd. Higher levels of Cd in irrigation water also increased grain Cu in wheat. Chickpea yield was not affected by Cd or soil treatments and grain Zn was the highest with the combined application of Zn+Cu. Grain yields of wheat, maize and chickpea were not influenced statistically by Cd in irrigation water. However, yield of mungbean was stimulated with 1 mg L -1 of Cd. Grain Cd in wheat was the lowest with 60 mg kg -1 Zn treatment but not affected in chickpea grain. In general Zn treated soil tends to decreaseCd concentration in plant showing an antagonistic effect. The Cd application in irrigation water caused redistribution of metals in grains, shoots and roots, so the total uptake was not much affected. Effect of Cu soil treatment on concentration on Zn and Cd was not consistent in all crops. Phosphorus was applied @ 0, 50 and 75 mg kg -1 soil to study its effect on Cd, Cu and Zn sorption in laboratory. Application of 75 mg kg -1 significantly increased the sorption of Cd and Zn except Cu due to the P induced sorption in effluent irrigated soils while effect of the other levels remained non-significant. The preference of sorption was found as Cd > Cu > Zn. The sorption followed the Langmuir equation. Effect of various levels of P on availability of Cd, Zn, Cu and P in effluent irrigated soils was studied where two cereals and two legumes were grown. Wheat grain yield was found maximum with half recommended dose (57 kg ha -1 ) of P 2 O 5 fertilizer treatment anog with recommended urea. While higher levels of P did not statistically affect the grain yield of chickpea. Cadmium concentration increased in wheat grain up to recommended N and P (NP 1 ) and decreased with NP 1.5 treatment. Application of P significantly decreased Cu in grain of wheat at all levels. Wheat varieties differed in yield, P concentration, shoot Cd and root Cu accumulation. Variety AS-2002 accumulated fewer metals compared with Bhakkar-2002. Chickpea grain Zn, Cd and Cu were the lowest at higher level of P (NP 1.5 ). Nitrogen application promoted Cd accumulation in chickpea while maximum uptake of Zn and P was in N application alone. Varieties differed significantly in grain yield, shoot and root Cu and P uptake. Mungbean grain Zn and shoot Cd was minimum with NP 1 treatment while grain Cu and Cd were minimum with NP 1.5 and N treatments, respectively. Grain yield was high with NP 1 and varieties differed significantly only in root Cd, grain Cu and root Zn accumulation. In maize, the highest level of P caused less accumulation of Zn, Cd and Cu in grain, and varieties differed in most parameters. Over all, nitrogen treatment (N) caused a decrease in metal accumulation in plant tissues, while P application up to agronomic level generally increased Cd, while higher levels decreased Cd and Zn in plant tissues. Increasing level of P in soil decreased AB-DTPA extractable Zn and Cu while increased Cd. Cadmium contamination of irrigation water increased Cd, while decreased Cu concentration in all plants. Application of P in effluent irrigated soils increased concentration of Cd in crops at agronomic levels, while decreased Zn and Cu.
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مولانا ماہر القادری

ماہر القادری
افسوس ہے گذشتہ مئی کی ۱۰تاریخ کو اردو زبان کے نامور شاعر،ادیب اور نقاد جناب ماہرالقادری صاحب کا ۷۲برس کی عمر میں انتقال ہوگیا۔جدہ میں کوئی بڑامشاعرہ تھا،اُس میں شرکت کے لیے گئے تھے۔بہت رات گئے مشاعرہ میں اپناکلام سنایا، داد و تحسین سے محفل گونج اٹھی۔اُس سے فارغ ہوکر ابھی قیام گاہ پر آئے ہی تھے کہ اچانک سینہ میں درد اٹھا اور طبی امداد کے پہنچتے پہنچتے روح قفس عنصری سے پرواز کرگئی۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔تدفین مکہ مکرمہ کے مشہور قبرستان جنت المعلی میں ہوئی۔
مرحوم کااصل نام منظور حسین تھا، بلند شہر میں پیداہوئے تھے، تقسیم سے پہلے ہی اردو کے نامور شعراء میں شمار ہونے لگے تھے لیکن اس زمانہ میں وہ صرف حسن وشباب کے شاعرتھے، نظم سے زیادہ اُن کی غزلیں پُرکیف ووجد آفرین ہوتی تھیں، نظم میں اُن کا نعتیہ کلام اورسلام بڑے معرکے کا تھا جس سے اُن کی شہرت گھر گھر پہنچی۔ تقسیم کے بعدکراچی چلے گئے۔طبیعت کے شروع سے نیک اور دین دار تھے، پاکستان میں جماعت اسلامی کے زیر اثر آجانے سے اُن کی زندگی میں انقلاب عظیم آگیا۔اُن کاماہنامہ ’فاران‘ جماعت کاآرگن ہونے کے ساتھ ایک بلند پایہ ادبی مجلہ بھی تھا،اس میں مرحوم کے قلم سے لکھے ہوئے تنقیدی مضامین زبان وبیان کے اصول وقواعد اوران کے رموز ونکات کے نقطۂ نظر سے پڑھنے کے لائق ہوتے تھے۔اُن کی نثر ونظم کے متعدد مجموعے شائع ہوکر مقبول عوام وخواص ہوچکے ہیں۔برہان اوراس کے ادارے سے انھیں قلبی تعلق اورلگاؤ تھا۔گذشہ سفرنامۂ پاکستان میں انھوں نے اپنا تذکرہ پڑھا توفوراً ایک محبت بھرا خط لکھا جس میں سفر نامہ کے حسن انشااورطرزبیاں کی دل کھول کرداد دی اورساتھ ہی ایک تازہ نعت بھی بھیجی جواُسی زمانہ میں برہان میں شائع ہوگئی تھی۔
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