مولانا حبیب الرحمن لدھیانوی
افسوس ہے اس ماہ کی ۲ تاریخ کو مولانا حبیب الرحمن لدھیانوی ایک معمولی دورۂ قلب کے بعد۶۴برس کی عمر اچانک رہ گزائے عالم جادوانی ہوگئے۔ مولانا نے اپنے سب اہل خاندان کی طرح دارالعلوم دیوبند میں تعلیم پائی تھی۔ لیکن چوں کہ وہ موروثی اورخاندانی طورپر ایک مجاہد،بطل حریت اورزعیم قوم تھے اس لیے تعلیم سے فراغت کے بعد ہی عملی سیاست کی وادی پرخار میں کود پڑے۔ اس تقریب سے ان کا تعلق کانگریس سے بھی رہا اورجمعیۃ علمائے ہندسے بھی، اس کے علاوہ مجلس احرار کے تووہ نفس ناطقہ یا عقل ِفعال ہی تھے۔خوش تقریری، خطابت،جرأت وبیباکی،ذہانت اورطباعی،ایثار وفداکاری یہ اُن کی وہ خصوصیات تھیں جن کے باعث وہ جہاں کہیں رہے اورجس محفل میں بیٹھے ممتازاور نمایاں ہو کررہے۔عمرکے کم وبیش بارہ سال جیل میں کاٹے ہوں گے۔جہاں انھوں نے شدائد ومحن کامقابلہ بڑی بے جگری اوربے خوفی کے ساتھ کیا۔آزادی کی صر صر انقلاب نے شہرت وناموری کے بڑے بڑے روشن چراغ بجھادیے ورنہ ایک زمانہ تھا کہ مرحوم کی لیڈری کاڈنکا بجتاتھا۔زندگی بڑی قلندانہ اوردرویشانہ تھی یعنی ’’نے غم دزدو نے غم کالا‘‘ ایک معمولی سی تہمد،بغیر بٹنوں کے گریبان کھلا کرتہ اورسرپر چوگوشہ ٹوپی، جلوت میں اور خلوت میں،اندرون خانہ اورپبلک میں انھیں جہاں کہیں دیکھا اسی وضع میں دیکھا۔ حددرجہ خلیق ومتواضع، بڑے سادہ اوربے تکلف، مگراپنی بات کے پکے اوردھن کے پورے۔تقسیم کے بعد مشرقی پنجاب سے تعلق کے باوجود پاکستان میں رہنے کے بجائے دلّی میں معہ اپنے خاندان کے آبسے تھے لیکن کچھ انقلاب روزگار اورکچھ ہجوم امراض وامتدادِسن، ان کا اثر یہ ہواکہ آخر میں عملی سیاست سے دست کش ہو گئے تھے اور سلوک ومعرفت کااُن پر اس حددرجہ غلبہ ہوگیا تھا کہ اُن کے سیاسی افکار میں بھی اشراقیت کارنگ ابھر آیا تھا۔ عجیب اوصاف وکمالات کے بزرگ تھے۔ان...
Congenital anomalies are a major health problem all over the world; especially it is important cause of deaths and birth defects, chronic illness and disability in infants. The major cause of this is consanguineous marriages. Generation of cousin marriages have significant association with congenital anomalies Objective: To find out the association of consanguineous marriages with congenital anomaliespresent at the time of birthMethods: A cross sectional study was conducted at District Head Quarter Hospital, Okarafrom May to August, 2018. 100 adult individuals aged between 19 to 55 years, with and without cousin marriage of both genders were consecutively enrolled. Participants were assessed through pre-tested questionnaire, with prior written informed consent. Unwilling married individuals and individuals from other hospitals were not selected Results: According to resultsthere was a significant association between generation of cousin marriages with congenital anomalies present at the time of birth, as p value was 0.002Conclusions: Study concluded that the generation of cousin marriages has significant association with congenital anomalies present at the time of birth and due to cousin marriage 59% of the couples had congenital abnormalities in their children and 85% had genetic disorders.
Since its inception, Pakistan had been experiencing the dysfunctionalism of different types of political system. Despite emerging through a democratic process on the World map in 1947, under an inherited British system of governance, it could not sustain the rule of law. Lack of devoted political leadership and growing political and economic incompetence, under the patronage of non-political opportunists, had debarred the growth of a capable political system which caused for military-bureaucratic institutionalization in political process. The British political system of India Act 1935, martial-democratic system to General Ayub Khan’s basic democracy, parliamentary system of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s Islamic-socialism and the presidentio-parlia-military system of General Zia-ul-Haq had been equally responsible for political decay in Pakistan. Meanwhile, Pakistan had gone through the ever deadliest event of its dismemberment in 1971 but still, its leadership could not learn enough to practice the politics of devotion, cooperation and national self-esteem. Repeated martial-laws and ineffective democracies had hampered the political participation of the public in the political process and the performance of the political system. The accidental death of General Zia-ul-Haq in 1988 provided a chance for a democratic polity but, the politics of immaturity, revenge and corruption had broken the dreams of political stability in the country. The political system, working under 8th amendment of the constitution with extensive military involvement in poltical process, caused for distrust between the head of the state and the heads of governments. Consequently, none of the elected governments of Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif could be able to complete their constitutional term from 1988-99. Military, as an organized and disciplined institution in the country, had not been ready to lose its political role and had taken the opportunity for takeover, provided by the elected leadership, in 1999. Thus, the sub-system involvement across the boundaries caused for another political decay. Generally, the politically desperated people of Pakistan discuss and criticize the political system and their leadership in everyday sittings but they have a little awareness of the basic political structures and their proper functional procedure. The present study, “Political development and decay in Pakistan: 1988-2008” is primarily, an attempt to examine the functional capabilities of the political systems, experienced during the period of study, in accordance with their structures. It also expects to provide sufficient knowledge for a common man to understand the political process for an effective political participation in general, and to encourage for further scholarly researches to evolve a viable political system in Pakistan, in particular.