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Home > Aloe Vera Polysaccharides and Proteins As Biological Response Modifiers and Their Therapeutic Efficacy Against Coccidiosis in Chickens

Aloe Vera Polysaccharides and Proteins As Biological Response Modifiers and Their Therapeutic Efficacy Against Coccidiosis in Chickens

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Khaliq, Kashfa

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Natural Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/7810/1/Kashfa%20Khaliq%20Par%20final%20Full%20%20thesis%20pdf.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725460841

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There are several natural biological products, which are effective to trigger immune responses in animals and human beings. In this regard, various plant species are considered to be potent natural biological products and their efficacy has been reported in various animal models. In the present study, Aloe (A.) vera derived biomolecules including polysaccharides and proteins were isolated and characterized as biological response modifiers and their subsequent protective effects against coccidiosis in chickens. A total of 640 chicks were randomly divided into two main treatment groups namely A (polysaccharides) and B (proteins), each containing 320 chicks. Each group was administered orally with the graded doses of polysaccharides and proteins for three consecutive days i.e. day 5th, 6th and 7th of age. Cellular immune responses were assessed for in vivo and in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), Concanavalin-A (Con-A) respectively and Carbon particle clearance assay. Humoral immune responses were detected by microplate haemagglutination assay on 7th and 14th days post primary and secondary injections of sheep red blood cells. Weekly weight gains and feed conversion ratios were also calculated. For therapeutic studies chickens were challenged with mixed Eimeria species on 14th day post administration of A. vera biomolecules. Results revealed significantly higher (p<0.05) lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P and Con-A in chickens administered with A. vera biomolecules as compared to control. Carbon particle clearance assay showed significantly higher clearance index (K) in control group than all biomolecules administered groups and phagocytic index (α) showed significantly higher response in all three biomolecules administered groups as compared to control. Significantly higher total Igs, IgG and IgM titers were also detected in groups administered with A. vera biomolecules. Biomolecules administered chickens showed better feed conversion ratios and significantly higher (p<0.05) weekly weight gains as compared to control. In challenge experiment maximum protection 70% and 57.5% were observed in polysaccharides and proteins administered groups, respectively. Significantly lower oocysts per gram of droppings, lesser lesion scores, better weight gains and higher anticoccidial index were observed in biomolecules administered groups. From the current study, it was concluded that A. vera derived biomolecules have the potential to be used as immunotherapeutic agent(s) in poultry and can be commercialized.
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اعجاز صدیقی

اعجاز صدیقی مرحوم
( سید شہاب الدین دسنوی)
مولانا سیماب اکبر آبادی کے فرزند اور رسالہ ’’شاعر‘‘ کے مدیر، اعجاز صدیقی پر ۹؍ فروری ۱۹۷۸؁ء کو دل کا دورہ پڑا اور وہ اسی روز اپنے مالک حقیقی سے جاملے۔
ایک عرصہ سے مختلف امراض کی وجہ سے اعجاز صاحب کی صحت خراب ہوچکی تھی، کئی بار اسپتال میں داخل کئے گئے، اچھے اچھے ڈاکٹروں نے بڑی توجہ اور شفقت سے علاج کیا، مگر بقول شاعر:
الٹی ہوگئیں سب تدبیریں کچھ نہ دوا نے کام کیا
دیکھا ، اس بیماری دل نے آخر کام تمام کیا
اعجاز صدیقی فروری ۱۹۵۱؁ء میں اپنے وطن آگرہ سے بمبئی آئے اور یہیں انھوں نے مستقل سکونت اختیار کرلی، ان کا رسالہ ’’شاعر‘‘ (ماہنامہ) جو پہلے آگرے سے نکلتا تھا، اسی سال سے بمبئی سے شائع ہونے لگا، وہ اس کے معیار کو بلند رکھنے میں انتھک، کوشش کرتے تھے، اردو سے پر خلوص محبت اور اپنے قارئین کو صاف ستھرا ادب پیش کرنے کی کوشش، ان کی زندگی کے دو ایسے نمایاں پہلو تھے کہ جن کی وجہ سے اردو کے اچھے اور اہم لکھنے والوں اور شعراء کا انھیں غیر معمولی تعاون حاصل ہوتا رہا، جس کے سہارے وہ ’’شاعر‘‘ کے بڑے ضخیم خصوصی نمبر نکال سکے، ان میں کرشن چند نمبر، ناولٹ نمبر، افسانہ اور ڈرامہ نمبر اور آخری میں ہم عصر اردو ادب نمبر ہماری زبان و ادب میں قابل قدر اضافہ ہیں، حقیقت یہ ہے کہ مسلسل علالت گرتی ہوئی صحت اور محدود مسائل کے ساتھ ایسے ضخیم اور اچھے نمبر شائع کرنا، بڑی جرأت کا کام تھا، بلاشبہ اعجاز صاحب غیر معمولی قوت ارادی کے حامل تھے۔
اعجاز صدیقی، ذاتی طور پر مشرقی تہذیب اور قدروں کے علمبردار اور رکھ رکھاؤ کے آدمی تھے، انھوں نے لوگوں کے ساتھ اپنے تعلقات اور دوستانہ رسم سالہا سال...

شرعی امور میں آسانی اور سہولت کا تصور، قرآنی احکام کی روشنی میں

Islam is considered to be the religion of nature due to its originality and suitability to human nature for all times or centuries. It continues to be successful in the developed world, and elsewhere, because its call is in accordance with the fitrah or natural inclinations of mankind. Allah, subhanahu wata'aala, is the creator of mankind and therefore knows his nature more intricately than mankind himself. Allah has therefore chosen for us a religion best suited to the nature of mankind, a religion that goes neither to the extremes of hardship nor of laxity, but instead provides a middle path; in other words, a religion of ease. Islam does not lay on people tasks that they cannot do or they will have difficulty in doing. Whenever, there is any difficulty performing any religious obligation faced by Muslims, they have provided an element of ease and comfort. In this regard, the focus of this paper is to throw light on the notion of ease and leniency of Islam.  

The Association Between Asymptomatic and Mild Neurocognitive Impairment and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Amongst People Living With Hiv

Background: HIV disease is associated with neurocognitive impairment which is one of the neurological complications of the viral infection. The spectrum of HIV Associated neurocognitive impairment has significantly changed since the advent of ART. The inclusion of the asymptomatic but cognitively impaired population of patients has changed the dynamics of this population, and requires further research to identify the impact it has on the progression of the disease as well as on any other aspects. Poor adherence to ART is one of the main causes of treatment failure and studies done previously point towards the milder forms of Neurocognitive Impairment as being a cause of poor adherence, among other aspects. Primary Objective: To assess the association between the milder forms of neurocognitive impairment and adherence to ART. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey, with consecutive sampling, with a total sample size of 218 patients. An association was sought between cognitive status and adherence as measured by objective means, self-reported means and last viral load value as a surrogate marker. The study utilised quantitative primary data on pre-defined baseline characteristics, neurocognitive assessment by MOCA, instrumental activities of daily living by Lawton score and objective and subjective adherence measures by medication possession ratio (MPR) and simplified medication adherence questionnaire (SMAQ) respectively. Univariate and bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the strengths of association between various predictor and the outcome variables. Results: A final sample size of 218 was selected out of all those eligible (500 patients). All study participants underwent a neurocognitive assessment, which revealed 69% minor neurocognitive impairment while 31% had no neurocognitive impairment. No patient was identified with HIV associated dementia on screening. Secondly, all study participants underwent adherence assessment which revealed optimal adherent rates of 66% and 77% by objective (by MPR) and subjective (SMAQ) measures respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline characteristics (age, gender, education, marital status, living arrangements, employment status, level of income) between the group of participants with cognitive impairment and those without impairment (p-value > 0.05). Similarly, when the same group were compared on characteristics related to their HIV diagnosis and treatment, no statistically significant differences were observed (p-value > 0.05). Discussion: Even though the rate of cognitive impairment in this study was high, it corresponds to some of the studies earlier carried out (CHARTER study = 53%), the majority of which were asymptomatic and Mild Cognitive Disorders, while only