Home > An Analysis of Knowledge, Skills and Attitude of Vegetable Growers Regarding Pesticide Use for Sustainable Environmental Health in the Punjab, Pakistan
An Analysis of Knowledge, Skills and Attitude of Vegetable Growers Regarding Pesticide Use for Sustainable Environmental Health in the Punjab, Pakistan
Pakistan’s environment is favorable for pest population growth. Among all crops, vegetables are more vulnerable to the attack of a number of pests. Most of the vegetable crops are sprayed on daily basis and pose a serious threat to humans and environment. In the same context, the present study was designed to analyze the knowledge, skills and attitude of vegetable growers for identification and prioritization of training needs regarding pesticide use for sustainable environmental health and to suggest remedies for the betterment of prevailing situation. Population of study was potato growers in two districts (i.e. Jhang and Okara) which were selected purposely because of top potato growing districts in the Punjab. Two tehsils (Dapalpur and Chinot), one from each district was selected randomly. Sampling frame was constructed by enlisting all potato growers residing in the tehsils and a sample of 367 growers was selected. Data were collected through personal interviews with the help of validated research instrument. Main findings of the study indicate that most of the respondents had attained some level of formal education and had mean age 42.31 years. Overall knowledge of the respondents regarding most of the aspects of pesticide use was poor. On the average, the respondents’ skills regarding different aspect of pesticide use rated between poor to satisfactory level. The attitude of the respondents was towards using excessive pesticide to control pests. Thus, their attitude was more towards causing environment and health hazards. Majority of the practices of the respondents were posing risks to humans’ health and environment because they were using heavy doses and high risk pesticides to control pests, with out getting advice from the pest consultants or the personnel from the agricultural extension department. On the basis of overall possessed knowledge of the respondents, the training need assessed was at highest level in the area of ill health effects recognition. On the basis of overall possessed skill level, the training need assessed was at highest level in the area of maintenance of pesticide applicator. The respondents also gave their preferences for different aspects of training program to be arranged in future on the basis of training needs assessed in different aspects of pesticide use for sustainable environment health.
پنڈت تربھون ناتھ زارؔزتشی اُردو زبان کے علمی اورادبی حلقوں میں اس خبرکو بڑی حسرت اورافسوس کے ساتھ سناگیا کہ پچھلے دنوں پنڈت تربھون ناتھ زارؔ زتشی نے ۹۲ بر س کی عمرمیں دلّی میں انتقال کیا۔ پنڈت جی کشمیری پنڈت تھے،ان کا خاندان اورنگ زیب عالمگیر کے عہدِ حکومت میں دلّی میں منتقل ہوگیاتھا۔اس بناء پریہ خاندان کشمیر اور دلّی دونوں کی خاص تہذیب اور کلچر، شرافت،علمی وادبی ذوق، حسن وجمال اور وسعتِ مشرب ایسے اوصاف وخصوصیات کاحامل ہے، پنڈت جی ان خصوصیات کا ایک اعلیٰ نمونہ ہونے کے باعث ان سب میں ممتاز تھے۔ سنسکرت کے علاوہ فارسی اوراُردو کے بھی نامور فاضل اورمحقق تھے۔شعروشاعری میں مرزا داغؔ سے تلمذِ خصوصی رکھتے تھے۔بلکہ غالباً وہ استادکی آخری یادگار تھے،دلّی زبان اوراُس کی کہاوتوں اورمحاورات پرانہیں جوعبور تھااُس میں وہ اپنی مثال آپ تھے۔اس سلسلہ میں یہ واقعہ دل چسپی سے سنا جائے گا کہ ۱۹۳۹ء میں جب پہلے پہل میرا تقرر سینٹ اسٹیفنس کالج دلی میں بحیثیت استاد کے ہوا اوردوسری کلاسوں کے ساتھ بی۔اے (فائنل) کی اُردو کلاس بھی مجھے پڑھانے کے لیے دی گئی توایک دن مولوی نذیر احمدصاحب دہلوی کی مشہور کتاب ’توبۃ النصوح‘ کلاس میں پڑھا رہا تھا کہ اچانک ’’سفوپہ نادری چڑھی‘‘ کا فقرہ سامنے آگیا۔اورچوں کہ مجھے اس کامطلب معلوم نہیں تھا اس لیے میں نے کلاس ختم کردی اور میں سیدھا اپنے استاد شمس العلماء مولوی عبدالرحمن صاحب کے مکان پر پہنچا اور ان سے اس فقرہ کامطلب دریافت کیا۔مولوی صاحب نے بہت کوشش کی، دماغ پربہت زورڈالا مگر بات نہ بنی ۔اتنے میں مولوی صاحب کے جگری دوست خواجہ عبدالمجید دہلوی جو دلّی کی ٹکسالی زبان اورمحاورات کے بڑے اور مسلّم ماہرتھے ادھرآنکلے، مولوی صاحب نے ان سے پوچھا لیکن حافظہ اوردماغ پربہت کچھ زورڈالنے کے باوجود انہیں بھی کامیابی نہیں ہوئی۔ آخر خواجہ صاحب نے پنڈت...
This research aims to identify the influence of e-wom, e-trust and family on online purchasing decisions of generation Z in the city of Pekanbaru. This research involved 120 people belonging to generation Z. Samples were taken using a purposive random sampling technique. Data was obtained through distributing questionnaires whose validity and reliability had previously been tested. To test the hypothesis, multiple linear regression analysis, partial significance test (t test) and simultaneous significance test (f test) and determinant coefficient test were carried out. The results of data processing show that simultaneously e-WOM, e-trust and family have a significant influence on online purchasing decisions, but partially only the e-WOM and e-trust variables have a significant influence while the family variable does not have a significant influence on the Z generation's online purchasing decisions in the city of Pekanbaru.
Background:Breast cancer is characterized by late presentation and significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries.Breast screening aids in early detection of breast cancer. The nursing health worker is uniquely placed to provide advocacy and screening in a resource limited environment.
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of an abbreviated training program in breast cancer awareness on nurses at a tertiary hospital, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi.
Methods: Using a statistical tool, the Solomon Model, 79 nurses were identified and divided into experimental and control groups. An abbreviated training intervention in breast cancer awareness was administered to the experimental group. Pre and post test questionnaires and objective structured clinical examinations were used to determine nurses’ knowledge and practice skills before and after the abbreviated training intervention.
Results: Initial scores of knowledge and practice skills related to clinical breast examination were low: Mean knowledge scores of 18 out of 25(72%) and mean practice scores of 12.5 out of 30(41.6%). Significant improvement was observed following the abbreviated training intervention in both knowledge and practice skills. Knowledge scores of 22 out of 25( 88%, p = < 0.001) and practice scores of 26 out of 30(86.6%, p=0.003).
Trained nurses were able to improve their knowledge of breast cancer from fair to good knowledge.
Conclusion: There is need to increase breast awareness, both in terms of knowledge and practice skills, innursing health care workers as a means of improving awareness among the general population andearly detection of breast cancer. An abbreviated training in breast cancer awareness can improve these skills in nurses.