A general weakness of agricultural extension is the low adoption of new agricultural technologies by poor and small farmers. As the present public extension systems in many countries have not been able to address the issues and concerns of small and poor farmers, a search for new extension models that are more effective, efficient, and responsive to different categories of farmers is essential. This essential model might be the public-private partnership. Govt. of NWFP has initiated a new public private partnership extension program in the province during the year 2000. This emerging system is locally called as Farm Services Centers (FSCs) where inputs delivery, market facilitation, exchange of experiences and knowledge are the main activities of the system. However, there is still information gap about whether this public-private partnership will be beneficial in developing and extending agricultural technologies. This study intends to fill up that information gap by analyzing this public-private partnership by measuring its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. For this purpose, out of 24 districts, two districts Swabi and Lakki Marwat were selected randomly as study area from where 217 and 274 farmer respondents were selected at random with the help of table given by Fitzggibbon et al. (1987), making a total of 491 respondents. All the Agricultural officers and district officers of the selected districts were also selected as respondents of the study. Quantitative data were colleted by survey method, while qualitative data by focus group discussion with the help of open-ended interview schedule. The results showed that the most important strength of FSC in the eyes of farmer respondents was ―managed by farmers‘ bodies‖ as ranked 1st with mean 4.05 and SD 1.29. The weaknesses of both extension systems as diagnosed by the farmer respondents were ―no sale arrangements for surplus produce‖. In case of opportunities, FSC was bottom up approach and ―based on partnership between farmers and the government‖ ranked 1st with mean 4.12 and SD 1.29. The threats for FSC as reported by farmers respondents were ―no trend to develop farmers‘ organizations among farming community‖, ―pressure exerted by political influential authorities‖ and ―low preference of agriculture by youth as full time occupation‖. According to EFS respondents the most important strength for FSC was ―managed by farmers‘ bodies‖ which ranked 1st with means 4.82 and SD 0.40. The major weaknesses of FSC as diagnosed by EFS respondents were ―no female staff‖, ―no sale arrangements for surplus produce‖, and ―lack of marketing facilities‖ ranked 1st, 2nd, and 3rd .The statements ―offers low cost of learning‖, ―based on partnership between farmers and the government‖, ―provides forum for farmers to get together‖, ―proved extension workers to be good change agents‖, and ―encourages farmers participation‖ were the top five opportunities of the system. Out of all threats, EFS ranked the statement ―no trend to develop farmers‘ organizations among farming community‖ as 1st threat with mean 3.82 and SD 1.40. On the basis of conclusions it was recommended that Government should provide the opportunities of availing projects of different funding agencies to increase the share of private sector on FSC basis. Government should formulate law to increase the participation of women in the present programs, as they are main component of agriculture. Department should provide more facilities like pay and other allowances to the staff indulged in FSC to increase their working efficiency. As recommended by respondents separate meeting places should be provided for female farmers, so as they effectively get trainings and efficiently utilized the acquired knowledge in relevant fields.
مسیح الملک مرحوم حکیم اجمل خاں ہمارے شمسی سال کے خاتمہ کو تین راتیں باقی تھیں کہ نصف شب کو ہمارے ملک کا آفتاب غروب ہوگیا، مسیح الملک حکیم اجمل خاں کی اچانک وفات درد دل سے ہوئی، ہائے یہی ’’درد دل‘‘ ان کی زندگی کا سرمایہ تھا اور یہی ان کی وفات کا بہانہ بن گیا، وہ جس کی مسیحائی سے لاکھوں نے زندگی پائی تھی، خود اس کی زندگی کسی کی مسیحائی کی ممنونِ احسان نہ بنی، حکیم صاحب کی وفات خاندان کا ماتم نہیں، دلّی کا ماتم نہیں، قوم کا ماتم ہے، فضل و کمال کا ماتم ہے، اخلاق و شرافت کا ماتم ہے، سنجیدگی و متانت کا ماتم ہے، اخلاق و ایثار کا ماتم ہے، عقل و رزانت کا ماتم ہے، فکر و اصابت کا ماتم ہے، آزادی و حریت کا ماتم ہے کہ ہندوستان اور مسلمانانِ ہند کے طالع و بخت کا ماتم ہے۔ مرثیہ ہے ایک کا اور نوحہ ساری قوم کا ہندوستان کا وہ کونسا شریف انسان ہے جس کی گردن اس شریف خانی یادگار کی شخصی یا قومی منت سے گراں نہیں، وہ کونسی قومی مجلس ہے جو ان کے احسانات کے بوجھ سے دبی نہیں ہے، مسلمانوں کا وہ کونسا کام ہے جو ان کی مشکل کشائی کا ممنون نہیں، علی گڑھ ہوکہ ندوہ، دیوبند ہوکہ جمعیۃ العلماء، مسلم لیگ ہو کہ کانگریس، خلافت ہوکہ طبیہ کانفرنس، ہندوستان دواخانہ ہوکہ طبیہ کالج سب ان کے خوان منت کے برابر کے ریزہ چین تھے، جامعہ ملیہ یعنی قوم کے خواب حریت کی تعبیر حسّی، اس کا وجود مستقل اگر تھا، تو صرف حکیم صاحب کے دستِ بازو سے۔ ایک روشن دماغ تھا ، نہ رہا
ملک کا جو چراغ تھا ، نہ رہا , حکیم صاحب کی وفات سے یوں ہر قومی درس گاہ...
Penelitian ini untuk mengimplentasikan Presisi dalam bentuk aplikasi pelayanan cepat dan tepat Kepolisian Republik Indonesia dengan konsep prediktif, responsibilitas, transparan dan berkeadilan (PRESISI). Konsep presisi terdapat pencegahan atau prediktif perlu dilakukan dalam upaya pencegahan kejahatan. Kemudian terkait responsibilitas menekankan bahwa kepolisian memang harus cepat tanggap untuk menangani kasus hukum terkait dengan ketertiban dan keamanan di masyarakat. Dengan era 4.0 penggunaan teknologi informasi dapat membantu kepolisian untuk cepat merespons dan segera menangani segala bentuk laporan yang masuk. Bencana yang melanda dunia pandemic Covid-19 yang membatasi ruang lingkup berkumpul dalam suatu tempat untuk menghindari tertularnya virus covid-19. Implemtasi aplikasi Presisi adalah menjadi sousi yang tepat dalam melayani perpanjngan SIM. Aplikasi ini di desain untuk memangkas waktu antrian sehingga masyarakat yang memperpanjang surat izin mengemudi tanpa turun dari kenderaan dengan konsep drive trhu.
Biodiesel is one of the renewable and eco-friendly fuels which can alleviate the concerns associated with fossil such as fluctuating prices and disastrous effects on the environment including global warming. The biofuel is usually produced from transesterification of vegetable oils and consists of alkyl esters. The chemical method of producing biodiesel has several drawbacks while the use of edible vegetable oils for biodiesel raises several concerns such as food vs. fuel crisis. The current work investigated biodiesel production from non-edible Salvadora persica seed oil (SPSO) and crude coconut oil (CCO) catalyzed by Burkholderia cepacia lipase in a solvent-free system. The biodiesel yield produced from these feedstock was compared and the effect of acyl acceptor (ethanol) in different ratios on biofuel production was determined. The fatty acid composition of SPSO and CCO was determined through gas chromatography and their average molecular weight was calculated. Different molar ratios of oil and ethanol were employed in transesterification for biodiesel production at 50?C, 7.0 pH with 50 mg lipase. Thin layer chromatography of oils and biodiesel samples was performed while the percentage yield was determined through gas chromatography. The results showed that medium chain fatty acids make up to 53.88% and 76.89% of the fatty acid content of SPSO and CCO respectively. Both are good candidates for enzymatic transesterification to produce medium chain biodiesel. The species of Salvadora persica (Pilu) has potential of a biodiesel crop. The average molecular weight was calculated as 749.53 g/mol for SPSO and 664.57 g/mol for CCO. Maximum biodiesel yield (around 70%) was obtained at 1:4 oil to ethanol molar ratio from both oils followed by a gradual decline at higher ratios. The gas chromatographic analysis of Salvadora biodiesel at 1:4 molar ratio showed that the yield of individual esters was mostly of medium and long chain fatty acids. In contrast the analysis of coconut biodiesel revealed that it consists mainly of the esters of medium chain fatty acids. Burkholderia cepacia lipase is a promising biocatalyst for production of biodiesel from SPSO and CCO provided the right conditions including optimum oil to ethanol molar ratio. Since free lipase was used in this study, stable yields of biodiesel as well as of individual fatty acid ethyl esters would have been achieved if any form of immobilized lipase would have been used.