زبور عجم کی پہلی اشاعت جون 1927ء میں ہوئی ۔ یہ اقبال کی فاری غزلیات کا مجمورعہ ہے۔ حصہ اول میں 56 غزلیات ہیں اور حصہ دوم میں 75 غزلیات ۔ اس میں ایک مختصر مثنوی گلشن راز جدید بھی شامل ہے۔
" اسعد الدین محمود شبستری" نے ہرات کے ایک عالم اور بزرگ " میر حسین" کے سترہ
سوالات کے جوابات لکھ کر بھیجے تھے۔ یہ 717ء کی بات ہے۔ یہ مکمل طور پر تصوف سے متعلق تھے۔ اقبال نے بھی نو سوالات کے جواب دیے ہیں۔ محمود شبستری کی مثنوی کا نام "گلشن راز“ تھا۔ اقبال نے " گلشن راز جدید " رکھا ۔ مجموعہ زبور عجم میں یہ مثنوی بھی شامل ہے۔ اقبال کی مثنوی " بندگی نامہ " بھی اس مجموعہ کلام میں شامل ہے۔ غلامی کے دور میں دل مردہ ہو جاتا ہے ۔ انسان پر جوانی کے عالم میں بھی بڑھاپا طاری ہو جاتا ہے۔ زبور عجم میں دو حصے غزلیات کے ہیں اور دو مثنویاں ہیں ۔ اس کے بھی کئی ترجمے شائع ہو چکے ہیں۔
Challenges are part of the ways of life, and the Islamic world is suffering of the rupture and differentiates internal conflicts, and the chaos of thought and delayed civilization. The most prominent of these challenges, which the Islamic world is facing, is the phenomenon of globalization. Which included the three worlds, and sought to dominate them, and melt the people’s properties and this is what precipitated the emergence of numerous drawbacks, and the researcher specially mentioned, negative aspects of identity, ethics and the environment. Young people who are the hope and asset of this nation are able to turn dreams into realities, and hopes to practical projects, and ambitions to the visible achievements. They are worthwhile, and the most capable and powerful to meet these challenges. If they grasp the necessary requirements that qualify and stables them to face it and take advantage of its goodness, and avoid disadvantage. But if they stationed, and failed to do their duty, they offered loss and destruction to themselves and nation. Curriculum should be prepared in accordance with the system of Islamic values, which are the individual configuration integrated, in belief, thought, and behavior, and attention to the development of the curriculum, and make it combines tradition and modernity, and the distinction between fixed and variable, and have superior mental abilities. All these issues are addressed in this research the negative impact of globalization on the environment, ethics and then showed the importance of taking care of the human development of young people, through various training programs that earn young people skills, science, and sophisticated learning methodical thinking, proper planning, and positive participation in society, and carry responsibility, and foster in them the ability to dialogue and to develop in them the spirit of creativity and scientific research and rational dealing with crises, and tribulations, and the ability to solve problems and meet the challenges of globalizatio
Corpus Based Study of Modal Expressions in Selected British and Pakistani Newspaper Editorials In present age of increased digitized data, corpus linguistics has facilitated research by opening new vistas such as this research of corpus-based study of modal expressions. The purpose of this study is to explore grammatical (syntactic and semantic) features of verbs collocating with `to'-infinitive. The analysis proceeds through quantitative and qualitative analysis of ten selected modal expressions from British and Pakistani newspaper editorials. These specialised corpora were compiled by keeping in view the guidelines for compilation of corpus by McEnery and Hardie (2012). This approach incorporates quantitative and qualitative research encompassing discourse analysis of grammar. Quantitative analysis is conducted with the help of AntConc software. The quantitative comparison of the two corpora show's there is no significant difference in NS (British) and NNS (Pakistani) use of modal expressions in lieu of modal verbs in editorial writing (formal opinionated writing). Qualitatively the analysis initially ascertains that modal expressions (like semi modals) syntactically behave more like lexical verbs but through semantic qualitative analysis of examples extracted from the corpora, the researcher established that same domains of modality are manifest in both modal verbs and modal expressions. It is clear that modal expressions are also used by speakers / writers in seclusion or in combination of other markers that create complicated patterns of modal network that is intentional and pragmatically determined by the speaker/writer. This research has potential for further research work on verbal and non verbal modal markers (a category little explored) in English language through integration of corpus linguistics. It can be beneficial for improving ESP / andragogical studies in countries like Pakistan where functional courses are much in demand to improve writing and speaking skills for specific purposes once a person enters into a profession and realizes her/his deficiency.