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Home > Analysis of Drought Rust Diseases Tolerance Conferred by Endophytes in Wheat Crop

Analysis of Drought Rust Diseases Tolerance Conferred by Endophytes in Wheat Crop

Thesis Info

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Author

Hafiz Arslan Anwaar

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Plant Pathology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9464/1/Hafiz%20Arslan%20Anwaar_Plant%20Pathology_2018_UAF_PRR.docx

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725481505

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Excessive use of pesticides has caused agricultural and environmental hazards. Microbial inoculation is an alternate to pesticides for confronting pathogens and is an environmental friendly approach. Endophytes are beneficial microbes and biologically safe for inducing tolerance in plants. Hence, the current research was conducted to evaluate endophytes potential in wheat against drought stress and rust diseases. Fifty genotypes of wheat were sown under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in field conditions for evaluation against rust diseases and drought conditions. The drought stress was given to the wheat genotypes by skipping the irrigation at flowering and grain filling stage for drought resistance whereas all genotypes were also inoculated against rust diseases through natural and artificial method at tillering and heading stage. Data regarding drought stress were recorded on the basis of different growth parameters viz. number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight (g), number of productive tillers m2, biological yield (gm-2), grain yield (gm-2), harvest index % and percent yield reduction, drought tolerance indices like mean productivity (MP), tolerance index (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (SSI). Data regarding final disease severity percentage, area under disease progress curve and coefficient of infection were recorded for rust diseases. Kohsar-95 and Parwaz-94 exhibited most drought sensitive genotypes while two leaf rust (Faisalabad-85, Aas-02) and two yellow rust genotypes viz. Fareed-06 and Shafaq-06 expressed susceptible response. Plant samples for endophytes were collected from desert areas (Cholistan, Thar and Rohi) of Pakistan. The endophytes were isolated, identified and purified in Plant Mycology Lab. on sterilized Potato Dextrose Agar media (PDA). The in-vitro efficacy of endophytes was evaluated in test tubes containing 0.3% agar concentration. The wheat seed was sown in test tube containing distilled water along with fungal spore suspensions (1×106/ml) and incubated at 28±2oC. The root and shoot length was measured after 4 days of interval. The four endophytes expressed significant results were used for further studies. Spore suspensions of these endophytes were prepared and their concentrations were observed through haemocytometer. Seeds of disease and drought susceptible wheat genotypes were inoculated by dipping in spore suspension and sown in field under factorial RCBD. Inoculated susceptible wheat genotypes exhibited the tolerance against drought and rust diseases. The endophyte Piriformospora indica showed significant increase in grain yield 15.4% of drought sensitive genotypes followed by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Trichoderma viride, and Acremonium lolii 11.3 %, 8.1 % and 7.5 % respectively. Similarly, for leaf and yellow rust diseases P. indica also exhibited statistically significant increase in grain yield 17.5% and 12.3%, respectively followed by Trichoderma spp. (13.7 % and 10.6 %). Colletotrichum spp. and Acremonium spp. showed (7.1%, 6.2%) as well as (8.2%, 4.2%) under leaf rust and yellow rust conditions respectively.
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خیرؔ بہوروی

خیرؔبہوروی
پچھلے دنوں ہمارے دوست جناب خیربہوروی بھی دنیا سے رخصت ہوگئے۔مرحوم اردو کے قدیم اورروایتی خدمت گزار تھے اوراردو ادب کی خدمت ہی ان کاشب وروز کامشغلہ تھا۔شروع میں انجمن ترقی اردو کے مرکزی دفتر میں مولوی عبدالحق صاحب کے ساتھ کام کیا اورمولوی صاحب کے مضبوط دست و بازوثابت ہوئے۔پھر جب انقلاب ۱۹۴۷ء کی لپیٹ میں آکر ’’انجمن‘‘ کادفتر دہلی سے علی گڑھ منتقل ہواتو وہاں قاضی عبدالغفار صاحب کی رفاقت میں آرگنائزر کی حیثیت سے انجمن کی قابل قدر خدمات انجام دیں۔خیرؔ صاحب اردو کے پرجوش، تجربہ کار اور مخلص کارکن تھے۔یہی وجہ ہے کہ انجمن ترقی اردو سے رسمی قطع تعلق کے بعد بھی اردو ادب کی خدمت میں اسی طرح لگے رہے ۔اب ایک عرصے سے ان کی سرگرمیوں کامرکز لکھنؤ کا ’’لاری ہاؤس ‘‘ ہوگیا تھا، مستقل طور پروہیں قیام پذیر تھے۔لکھنؤ کے ادبی اجتماعات کی رونق ان کے دم سے قائم تھی۔ ’’میراکاڈمی ‘‘ کے سکریٹری کی حیثیت سے بڑی جاں فشانی اور لگن سے کام کررہے تھے ۔انھوں نے اس اکاڈمی کے ذریعہ میرؔاورغالبؔ پر بعض ایسے تحقیقی کام بھی کیے جواردو ادب کی تاریخ میں یادگاررہیں گے،یہ کام ابھی مکمل نہیں ہوئے تھے کہ پیغام اجل آپہنچا ۔
مرحوم عرصے سے مسلسل علیل تھے، شائد ایک آنکھ بھی خراب ہوگئی تھی لیکن بُڑھاپے اور بیماری کے باوجود قوم کے اس خادم کے ارادے جوان تھے ۔خیرصاحب کوندوۃ المصنفین کے کاموں سے بھی خاص دل چسپی تھی اس کے حلقہ معاونین کی توسیع کے لیے کوشش کرتے رہتے تھے۔ یوں بھی بڑے باوضع تھے ،جس سے جو تعلق قائم ہوگیا اس کوآخر تک خوب صورتی سے نبھایا۔اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ جناب مقبول احمد صاحب لاری سے بجاطور پرتوقع ہے کہ’’میراکاڈمی ‘‘کی بدستور سرپرستی فرماتے رہیں گے، اورخیر صاحب جوکام نامکمل چھوڑگئے ہیں ان کو مکمل...

Intake of Anti-Epileptic Drugs and their Influences on Sexual Dysfunctions

Epilepsy which is also called seizures disorder is an uncontrolled action of the central nervous system. It is not a single disease but a set of neurological disorders. Actually in this situation, the brain does not receive a precise signal and as a result an abnormal condition is produced that is usually involuntary in action. In this review, we aimed to focus on the relationship of anti-epileptic drugs with sexual dysfunction and adaptation of better remedies that improve a patient’s family life. Sexual dysfunction is a common comorbidity in people with epilepsy which badly affects their quality of life. Sexual dysfunction is caused by different factors like psychiatric problems, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and social factors etc. Sexual dysfunctions include ejaculatory failure, lessen libido, penile erection in men and irregular menstrual cycle in women. Common drugs such as Topiramate, Gabapentin (GBP), Valproate (VA), Carbamazepine (CBZ), Olanzapine (OL) and Risperidone (RTG) that are in practice to treat epilepsy usually produced adverse effect on sexual dysfunction. Even though a lot of studies have been carried out to control sexual dysfunction in epilepsy’s patient, but still research is going on. Medicine such as Cyproheptadine, Mianserin, Buspirone, Yohimbine were found better to treat epilepsy with minimum side effects of sexual dysfunction. Moreover, it is also seen that certain vasodilators,  folate , and vitamin supplements are effective in improving the quality of life.

Psychosocial Factors Associated With Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Pregnant Women on Follow Up in a Tertiary Maternity Hospital

Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of life is the ideal form of infant feeding. Health benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to infant and mother are well documented in literature. Despite this, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of infants‘ life in Kenya remains low. National nutrition strategy for maternal, infant and young child has set its 2017 target for exclusive breastfeeding at 80% from 32%. To achieve this target, new strategies are needed to complement current exclusive breastfeeding initiatives. Application of theory of planned behaviour model was used to determine the psychosocial factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding and also to identify modifiable and inexpensive interventions to promote exclusive breastfeeding. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the modifiable psychosocial factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding. The secondary objective was to determine the effect of maternal demographic characteristics on exclusive breastfeeding attitude, subjective norm and perceived behaviour control scores. Study design: This was a prospective cohort study to determine psychosocial factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding using theory of planned behaviour. The study was conducted from October 2013 to March 2014. Methods: The study was undertaken at the antenatal clinic in Pumwani Maternity Hospital. It included all pregnant women who were ≥18years, at ≥ 36 weeks gestation and attending Pumwani Maternity Hospital antenatal clinic. A quantitative theory of planned behaviour based questionnaire was used to collect data from the women who fit the inclusion criteria at baseline after they had signed a written consent. Aggregate scores for each of the exposure categories were compiled to determine whether the women had positive or negative attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. Those with score above zero were considered to have positive psychosocial scores and those with scores below zero were considered to have negative psychosocial scores. Study women were followed up by a telephone interview at two and four months to determine whether they were exclusively breastfeeding or using mixed feeds for their newborns. A second household member was contacted to verify the mothers report. Results: A total of 200 women were recruited to the study at baseline. Mothers included in the final analysis were 180 while 20 were lost to follow up. Proportion of mothers exclusively breastfeeding at four months was 45.6% (95%CI 38.4-52.9). Psychosocial factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding were maternal attitude and perceived behavioural control over exclusive breastfeeding. Mothers who had positive