This thesis is divided into different chapters such as introduction, review of literature, material and methods, results and discussion. Twenty eight medicinal plants found in Sindh Pakistan belong to thirteen families such as, Fabaceae: Tamarindus indica L. Pithecellobium dulce Benth., Cassia fistula L., Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Psoralea corylifolia L., Apiaceae: Anethum graveolens L., Apium.graveolansL., Coriandrum sativum L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Trachyspermum ammi L., Lamiaceae: Mentha arvensis L., Ocimum basilicum L., Ocimum sanctumL., Lallementia royleana Benth., Asteraceae: officinalis.L., Carthamus tinctorius L., Cichorium intybus L., Calendula Zygophyllaceae: Fagonia cretica L., Tribulus terristris L., Zygophyllum simplex L., Lythraceae: Lawsonia inermis L., Asclepiadaceace: Calotrpis procera. R.Brown. Linaceae: Linum usitatissimum L. Myrtaceae: Syzygium cumini L, Euphorbiaceae: Ricinus communis L. Brassicaceae: Brassica juncea L. Czern. Solanaceae: Withania coagulance Dun and Cucurbitaceae: Cucumis melo L. var. agrestis Naudin were collected from the Sukkar, Nawabshah, Daulat pur Saffan, Saeedabad, Hydrabad, Jamshoro, Dadu, Mehar, Karachi and some were collected from Hamdard University, Karachi. Sindh Pakistan, for the isolation of fatty acids, elements, total protein and storage protein. During the present study the fatty acids isolated and identified in these medicinal plants through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Elemental analyses were carried out by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), Hitachi Ltd. 180-50.S.N5721 and five elements Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na) and Zinc (Zn) have been determined in these medicinal plants. All these elements are physiologically and biologically very important for the maintenance of human body in the healthy state. Protein determination was done by Kjeldhal method, and further determination storage viprotein used by different extraction method such as Protein Estimation (Seed Storage Protein) by Bradford Assay. This research based study provides the detail information about the fatty acids, basic elements and protein contents present in various important medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are also important for pharmacological research and drug development. Herbal medicines are assuming greater importance in the primary health care of individuals and communities in many developing countries and there has been an increase in international trade in herbal medicine. These medicinal plants used as a alternative sources for human diet after proper processing, about 80% protein are supplied by plants which are nutritionally important to people. Plant proteins mostly Albumin, Globulin, Prolamin and Glutelin present in seeds. Storage proteins are of great nutritional value for mankind and important for its application in food products. Research is related to human health directly and it has great significance from health and nutritional point of views.
چھایا ہوا فضاؤں میں اس درجہ ڈر ہے آج عریاں ہیں،بے لباس ہیں سوچوں کے زاویے اک آسرے کے واسطے دو شانے چاہئیں سورج کو کھینچ کھانچ کے ظلمت سے لائی ہے دل نے سرابِ آرزو کاٹا ہے اس طرح ہر قیس پیشہ، محملِ شہرت میں کھو گیا اب کون کشتِ شعرکو خونِ جگر پلائے
کابوس کی گرفت میں ہر دیدہ ور ہے آج نظّارگی سے آنکھ چراتی نظر ہے آج دستار ، بے نیازِ سرِ معتبر ہے آج اک سورما کے روپ میں اُٹھی سحر ہے آج صحرا بقیدِحیطۂ دیوار و در ہے آج کب غیر نفع بخش یہ داغِ جگر ہے آج آسانیوں کی قید میں دستِ ہنر ہے آج
The focus of this study is to highlight the ‘’Mushajarat, of the companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Lexical meaning of the ‘’Mushajarat, is a dense trees in which the branches are mixing and striking with each other. Here it exposes itself in the meaning of fight because the fighter are mixing and striking with one another. The religious scholars did not explain the partiality among the companions of the Holy prophet (PBUH) as fight, but they rather explained it as ‘’Mushajarat, because the dense tree is the beauty and has attraction for aesthetic watchers. According to ‘’sharia, the word ‘’Mushajarat, is used for the difference of opinion on religious issues among the companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) which is compared with dense tree in which the branches are mixing and striking each other, because the branches of a tree are in different directions which are not objectionable and cannot be termed as a weakness of a tree but rather beautify the tree. Indeed one can find differences amongst the companions of the Holy prophet (PBUH) but that is explained by the well doctrine Religious Scholars as ‘’Mushajarat, which is the beauty of Sharia and Islamic Fiqqah, because there was no hostility or hatred amongst the companion of Holy Prophet (PBUH) when they were explaining Islamic Fiqqah or Sharia.
Background: Stroke is a sudden neurological deficit due to a vascular cause, which can be ischaemic, haemorrhagic stroke or another cause. It is a leading cause of disability and long term functional impairment in the world. The definitive management of an acute ischaemic stroke is thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy, both of which has been shown to improve functional outcome but the utilization remains quite low in most hospitals, especially in Africa. This is due to certain pre-hospital and in-hospital barriers, and these factors have been shown to differ from country to country. Objective: To determine the pre-hospital barriers that prevent hyper-acute management of strokes at Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi (AKUHN), categorized as patient/carer-specific factors including awareness of stroke, and system-related factors including transfer options to hospital. The secondary objectives were to determine: (i) stroke knowledge; (ii) in- hospital barriers that prevented hyper-acute management of strokes; and (iii) 30-day morbidity and mortality outcome measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study at AKUHN, where patients who presented to the hospital with a stroke were enrolled in the study. A standardized questionnaire was administered to the listed next of kin, or a relevant bystander at the time of the stroke, on behalf of the patient. The questionnaire captured demographic data, time and place of occurrence of stroke, mode of transport to the hospital, distance from place of stroke to hospital, amongst other factors, and also captured the understanding of stroke knowledge from the patient’s caregiver/bystander. Results: The main pre-hospital barriers identified included delay in arrival (p <0.001) and this was due to far distance to the hospital (50.5%), traffic snarl ups (31.1%), visiting another hospital first (11.7%) and lack of availability of vehicle (6.8%). Factors associated with early hospital arrival (<3.5 hours of symptom onset), were older age (p = 0.021), non- African origin (p = 0.034), presence of a bystander (p = 0.006), residence in Nairobi (p = 0.035), and distance travelled (p < 0.001). There was no significance in the mRS between the early arrival (<3.5 hours) and the late arrival (>3.5 hours) group. Conclusion: We identified significant pre-hospital barriers associated with delay of hospital arrival and subsequently delay of hyper-acute stroke management. These identified barriers require changes in pre-hospital emergency response services, improvement in stroke awareness including its treatment, and standardized in-hospital pathways to ensure improved quality of care to patients in