محمد یٰسین نوری بیرسٹر
جناب محمد یٰسین صاحب نوری بیرسٹر بھی ہماری قومی اور ملی زندگی کے بڑے ممتاز ہیرو تھے ۔گجرات ان کا وطن تھا۔ علی گڑھ میں تعلیم پائی اس لیے اس کے اولڈ بوائز ایسوسی ایشن کے بڑے فعال اورمخلص رکن تھے۔ولایت جاکر بیرسٹری کی اور بمبئی میں رہائش اختیار کی۔خلافت تحریک سے لے کر کانگریس کی جنگ آزادی تک ہر تحریک میں بڑھ چڑھ کر حصہ لیا۔قیدوبندکی صعوبتیں برداشت کیں۔مگراپنی کسی خدمت کا صلہ طلب نہیں کیا۔آزادی کے بعد ملک میں مسلمانوں کی حالت زارنے ان کی تمام توجہات اورمساعی کواس حالت کے سدھارنے پر مرکوز کردیاتھا۔اس سلسلہ میں انھوں نے جس بے باکی اور جرأت سے کام کیاوہ اُن کے غایت خلوص اور بے غرض خدمت قوم کی بڑی عمدہ مثال ہے۔ علی گڈھ مسلم یونیورسٹی بل کے سلسلہ میں انھوں نے اولڈ بوائز کونسل کے ایک وفد کے قائد کی حیثیت سے ابھی حال میں ہی وزیراعظم سے جو ملاقات کی تھی تواس میں علی گڑھ کامعاملہ اس خوبی سے پیش کیاکہ وزیراعظم قائل ہوگئیں۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کو آخرت کی فلاح وبہود اور کامرانی وکامیابی سے نوازے اور ان کی قبر ٹھنڈی رہے۔آمین [اگست ۱۹۷۱ء]
Based on the 2013 curriculum 2016’s revision, there are subject materials that demand about local content in English subjects at the level of SMP Class VII. Teachers need many researches and practices integrating and implementating these subjects. Basically, it needs to be done in-depth study in the form of content analysis. This research was conducted on content and learning English in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi. This study aims to find out 1) how many percentage of local content in English lesson material Class VII SMP in the curriculum 2013 revision 2016; 2) how to integrate local content in English subject matter in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi; 3) how the implementation of material with local content in English learning in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi, and; 4) how to integrate local content in effective and efficient English lessons in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with the method of collecting document studies, interviews, and observation. The research results are 1) the proportion of local content that can be integrated into English language learning material SMP is 95%; 2) the integrity of local content in English learning materials in SMP Negeri 5 Sigi can be found in the lesson plan; 3) implementation of materials with local content in English learning attached to KTSP, Syllabus, lesson plan and learning resources enrichment book.
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignancy inKenya with a dismal outcome with a majority of patients presenting late. The factors that are operative in the etiology of this disease and its geographic distribution withinKenya have not been characterized thus far. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the association of ESCC with Khat chewing, which is prevalent in parts ofKenya, and other commonly implicated risk factors (i.e. smoking, alcohol, diet, socioeconomic status, caustic ingestion and first degree family history of ESCC). We also determined the geographic (provincial) origin, age/sex and ethnicity of cases visiting the participating centers. Methodology: A multi-center based matched case-control study was carried by means of a questionnaire and a food frequency table to collect data on proposed risk factors, demographics and dietary habits among cases of histology confirmed ESCC and controls within the same center. Setting: The study was conducted between August 2008 and April 2009 at St. Mary’sMissionHospital (Nairobi),KenyattaNationalHospital (Nairobi),ChogoriaMissionHospital (Eastern province) andAga KhanUniversityHospital (Nairobi). Subjects: We had 83 cases and 166 controls matched for age (±5 years) and sex. Analysis: The degree of association between development of ESCC and proposed risk factors was calculated through logistic regression. Results: The male:female ratio of cases was 2.1:1, the majority of cases were from Central and Eastern province and mostly of Kikuyu ethnic origin and 42% were below 55 years with 19% below 45 years of age. The cases were of a lower socio-economic status based on the type of housing, education and type of cooking fuel used. Univariate analysis show that caustic ingestion (OR 9.292 CI 2.541 – 33.981), poor housing (OR 1.710 CI 1.002 – 2.919), family history of ESCC (OR 2.670 CI 1.012 – 7.046), a low education level (OR 1.7515 CI 1.001 – 2.936), and cigarette smoking (OR 1.059 CI 1.026 – 1.093) were each associated with a higher adjusted odds ratio for development of ESCC. Chewing of khat (OR 1.002 CI 0.987 – 1.018), alcohol (OR 1.00 CI 1.00 – 1.00), tea (OR 1.001 CI 1.00 – 1.002) and a staple diet consisting of starch (OR 1.00 CI 0.99 – 1.00) were not associated with development of ESCC. On multivariate analysis the most significant factors were caustic ingestion (OR 11.354 CI 3.036 – 42.461), first degree family history of ESCC (OR 3.505 CI 1.294 – 9.490) and poor housing (OR 1.978 CI 1.109 – 3.527). Conclusions: