Numerous health disorders are associated with human occupational exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and these pesticides impose serious public health problems. Agricultural workers are at high risk of exposure to hazards of OP pesticides. Evaluation of the pesticide effects on hematological, serological and immunological parameters is necessary to determine the adverse effects of excessive use of pesticides. In the presentstudycomplete blood count, liver enzyme level, acetylcholinestrase activity, serum immunoglobulin, pesticides residues level, and molecular detection of tuberculosis among agricultural workers of District Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan, were investigated. Data were collected through questionnaires from 200 professional agricultural spray workers and 100 agricultural non-spray workers (control) ranging in age between 20 to 60 years. The most commonly reported signs and symptoms were feeling of vomiting (males 22%, females 42%) and skin irritation (males 32%, females 28%)after spraying. Generally, inadequate protective measures were observed by these pesticidal spray workers : only 16.5% male and 32% female workers used gloves while 12.5% males and 6% females used face masks during their field spray work.The blood parameters, such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, of spray workers and non-spray workers were also investigated. WBC and RBC levels of male sprayers and non-sprayers were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) different. In female spray workers, the WBC and neutrophils levels were significantly different as compared to non-spray workers. Overall, in both male and female pesticides-exposed spray workers, mean values of ALT and AST were higher as compared to nonexposed workers. This research revealed abnormal level of acetylcholinestrase (AChE) due to the exposure to multiple pesticides; serum AChE activity level was reduced in male as well as female spray workers as compared to the corresponding control subjects. Mean unit value of AChE in male spray workers was 0.16 U/ mL (min = -0.10 U/ mL and max = 0.66 U/ mL) and in non-spray workers was 0.44 U/ mL (min =0.01 U/ mL and max = 0.93 U/ mL); these values were significantly (P < 0.05) different statistically. Similarly, highly significant differences (P< 0.05) was observed in female spray workers, i.e., 0.41 U/ mL (min = 0.06 U/ mL and max = 0.93 U/ mL) and non-spray workers : 0.65 U/ mL (min =0.32 U/ mL and max = 1.1 U/ mL). ix Immunotoxicity in spray workers with a significant difference of IgA and IgM (P = 0.033 and P = 0.000) in male spray workers and non-spray workers, respectively, was also observed. Significant differences of immunoglobulin IgM and IgA (P = 0.000) and P = 0.000) were also observed in female spray workers and non-spray workers. Non-significant difference was observed for IgE (P = 0.928) level in male spray workers and non-spray workers. Likewise, non-significant difference was also observed for IgE (P= 0.425) levels in female spray workers and non-spray workers.Molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) was carried out by targeting histone-like protein (hupB) gene in cultured sputum samples of spray workers.Mycobacteriumtuberculosis was detected in 15% male sprayers and 36% female sprayers, while M. bovis was detected in 5% male sprayers and 10% female sprayers. A chi-square test indicated thata significant difference (P < 0.05) existed between positive and negative M. tuberculosis and M. bovis in both male and female spray workers. The susceptibility of pesticides-exposed spray workers to tuberculosis and alterations in hematological and liver enzymes is crucial for health. Results indicated that blood serum samples of spray workers were contaminated with various OPs. Among spray workers (n=200) the OP insecticide, chlorpyrifos, was detected in 18 (12%) male blood serum samples and 7 (14%) female blood serum samples, whereas profenophos was detected in 9 (6%) male serum samples and 3(6%) blood serum samples of females spray workers. Pesticides residues of imidacloprid were detected in 25 (16.6%) males and malathion in 13 (8.6%) males and 3 (6%) females, whiledichlorovos was detected in 2 (4%) females. The OP pesticides detected in the serum samples of spray workers were chlorpyrifos (1.4μg/L), profenophos (1.29 μg/L), imidacloprid (0.14 μg/L) and malathion (1.40 μg/L); dichlorovos was not detected in male spray workers.In female spray workers, chlorpyrifos (1.39 μg/L) profenophos (1.23 μg/L), and malathion (1.40 μg/L) anddichlorovos (0.03 μg/L) were detected but imidacloprid was not detected in blood serum of spray workers, respectively.From the results of the present study it can be concluded that frequent use of highly toxic pesticides, inadequate or no use of personal protective equipment and poor hygienic practices are the main reasons for the symptoms of pesticides toxicity in spray workers.
قاری نیاز احمد سرکار حقیقت دے وچ سن اوہ رب دے یار سوہنا خلق تے سوہنی صورت ہر اک نوں پئی بھاوے جیہڑا ملدا ہک واری او ول ول ملنے آوے کرن دعا رب دیوے شفاء سوہنا سائیں کرم فرماوے غم اندوہ سب دور ہوجاندے جیہڑا ملدا سی ہک وار
بہاول نگر توں ٹامیوالی مرشد نے بھجوایا ساوی مسجد ڈیرا لاء کے دین اسلام پھیلایا قرآن شریف تے فقہ فقر دا نالے درس حدیث پڑھایا وعظ کلام انہاں دا سن کے توبہ کردے اوگن ہار
ایڈا چرچا شہرت ہوئی ہر کوئی آپ نوں بھالے دین اسلام دے آپ حضور نے ہر جا دیوے بالے کفر و شرک مٹایا آپ نے ہر جا تھئے اجالے دینی جذبہ ویکھ کے لوگ ہو گئے تابعدار
سادے کپڑے سادہ کھانا خوش اخلاق بتہرے جس تے نظر کرم دی پاندے کردے دور اندھیرے واہ نصیب انہاں دا جینہاں کیتے درشن تیرے یاد تہاڈی بڑا ستاندی دل روندا زار و نزار
ظاہر باطن پاک انہاں دا رزق حلال کماندے آل اولاد تے آن والا نوں رزق حلال کھواندے ہر اک نوں تاکید سی کردے جو در سرکار تے آندے نہ اوہ محفل نہ اوہ رونق کتھے ٹر گئے ہو سرکار
قادری سائیںؔ یاد انہاں دی دل وچ ورمی بہہ گئی ایڈا درد وچھوڑے والا کیویں ایہہ جندڑی سہہ گئی رب راضی تے ہر کوئی راضی جگ وچ گل انہاں دی رہ گئی پر وچھڑے یار نہ بھلدے بھاویں گزرن سال ہزار
The noble life Of Rasulullah (ﷺ) provides the best after course and framework for the individual and collective life of Muslims which can lead Muslims to prosper in each part of life. Out of different problems of the Muslim Ummah in the current circumstances is the absence of political insight and exemplary leadership which is one of the most important problems and due to which Muslims are victim of decline on international basis. The political and national problems of Muslims include the absence of exemplary leadership, Muslim Ummah getting victim of mutual differences, deprivation of the majority of Muslim rulers of bravery and boldness, shortage of the wellbeing of the public, excess of corruption and fraud, absence of self-accountability in the public and rulers, not complying with the rules of justice, shortage of qualified and experienced individuals in different departments and institutions along with some other similar problems. Without getting them solved, the dreams of prosperity and success of Muslim Ummah cannot be fulfilled. We can find the solution of all of these problems in the teachings of Rasulullah (S.A.W) and in his noble life. Hence it is very important to prepare a framework in the light of Seerah and adopt it accordingly in this very important part of life. In the article under reference, Muslims Political deterioration in the modern era and a review of its remedy is to be presented in the light of Seerah.
Subspace based algorithms belong to one of the most explored face recognition algorithm categories which follow a holistic approach for feature extraction. These methods operate directly on the pixel intensities of a facial image and extract features. The basic trait of these algorithms is that they reduce dimensionality to reduce the computational complexity of feature extraction while keeping the statistical separation between different classes. Therefore these algorithms are the economical choice for feature extraction. These algorithms are based on the key concept that most of the information in a facial image is highly redundant and that the discriminating features reside in a subspace of the face image. Therefore these algorithms aim to extract these features by reducing the redundant and non-discriminating information. The choice of a classifier is the key factor in designing an efficient pattern classification system. This choice very closely relates to the data on which it is going to be applied. Another important issue is the irrelevancy in reported results of different classifiers. The evaluation criterion which is set for evaluating a specific classifier plays a significant role in determining the true potential of a proposed classifier. There is a need to evaluate these reported classifiers using the same evaluation criterion to judge the suitability of each classifier for a specific imaging condition. For face recognition, a surfeit of classifiers has been proposed to date but none of them alone is capable enough to cater with all the inherent variations of the facial image data. Therefore there is a need to explore combinations of classifiers known as ensemble classifiers. As different classifiers extract complementary features of the object to be classified, therefore combining the properties of individual classifiers in an ensemble classifier does result in increased classification accuracy. The overall suitability of this ensemble classifier depends on the memory and computational complexities of the constituent base classifiers. VI In this thesis, a newly reported and highly cited face recognition algorithm Laplacianfaces is initially explored for its true potential by varying its internal and external parameters for different face recognition tasks. Based on the outcome of this initial analysis, other famous subspace face recognition algorithms are also evaluated by using distance metrics both from the image space and mahalanobis space. This evaluation was performed by using the evaluation methodology employed in Face Recognition Vendor Tests (FRVT) and FERET evaluations. These algorithms are evaluated against various probe sets from three different and famous facial databases namely FERET, ORL and YALE. This study hence provides enough testing variables to judge the performance of algorithms against different imaging conditions or facial variations. Based on this exhaustive comparative analysis, a group of six most accurate and most economical classifiers are selected. Ensemble classifiers with combinations ranging from two to six of these best selected base classifiers are evaluated against the same testing conditions. The ensemble classifiers are constructed by combining base classifiers using two simple ensembling techniques namely re-ranking and weighted scoring approach. The average performance of this ensemble classifier also called unified classifier is found to be well ahead of that for the individual constituent base classifiers. The work reported in this study proves the effectiveness of ensemble classifiers for face recognition tasks. The results of the proposed unified classifier in comparison to the best performing subspace algorithms demonstrate that the unified classifier has a global performance and can handle different variations effectively.