This thesis covers the investigation of axisymmetric squeezing flows under slip and no slip boundary conditions. In the process, the flow of a fluid in a porous medium between two parallel plates approaching each other symmetrically has also been studied. The stream functions u r ( r , z , t ) = 1 ¶ y 1 ¶ y and u z ( r , z , t ) = - r ¶ z r ¶ r and the transformation function y ( r , z ) = r 2 F ( z ) were used to transfer the Navier-Stockes equations into an ordinary nonlinear differential equation along with the boundary conditions. To solve these nonlinear problems, different analytical methods that are; the Adomian decomposition method (ADM), the new iterative method (NIM), the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), the optimal homotopy asymptotic method (OHAM) and the differential transform method (DTM) are applied and velocity profiles for various parameters of Newtonian fluids are obtained. The velocity of plates and its effects on fluid velocity are established. The above mentioned methods are based on Taylor’s series but their line of action is different and one may face serious problems of convergence in their application. In this case, the convergence of the approximating series solution is discussed and the mathematica built-in code NDSolve is used to validate the results of analytical solutions. The results show that OHAM gives a better approximation under the conditions on which the research is premised.
اسٹیبلشمنٹ پر آج بھی بھٹو صاحب کا خوف طاری ہے ۔بھٹو اپنے انتخابی نشان تلوار کی طرح مخالفین کے اعصاب پر چھا یا ہوا ہے ۔مخالف بھٹو کی سوچ سے اس لیے بھی ڈرتے ہیں کہ یہ سوچ آج بھی زندہ ہے ۔لاکھوں لوگ بھٹو شہید کے مزار پر آتے ہیں اور ایک نئی طاقت لے کر واپس جاتے یہں ۔
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh terdapatnya banyak siswa yang mengalami penurunan kedisiplinan selama pembelajaran online, baik itu dalam mengikuti pembelajaran online, dalam hal mengumpulkan tugas, maupun dalam hal lainnya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan disiplin siswa atau peserta didik selama pembelajaran online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan disiplin siswa selama pembelajaran online akibat pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian penulis dapatkan melalui artikel dan juga buku yang memiliki relevansi dengan artikel ini. Untuk mendukung data kepustakaan atau literatur tersebut, data juga didapatkan dengan melakukan wawancara. Berdasarkan data yang telah diperoleh dalam penelitian, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan disiplin siswa selama pembelajaran online akibat pandemi Covid-19, yaitu (1) menurunnya motivasi belajar siswa, (2) sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai, (3) minimnya waktu luang orang tua, dan (4) penggunaan gawai yang berlebihan.
Software Product Line (SPL) Engineering is software engineering tools, techniques and methods
for the development of products sharing common features along with some variant features. A
feature model (FM) represents the relationship among various features. Feature model is the main
artifact that generates different products of SPL. Product testing is the necessary part of quality
assurance. The combinatorial rise of the products occurs due to the large number of features
resulting, SPL testing very complex. To reduce the complexity of testing, there are some
techniques used in the literature like products selection, minimization and prioritization. In
product selection, the scope of testing is reduced. Product minimization chooses a product that
represents all the characteristics of products and eliminates redundancy but not feasible for
revealing all faults and early fault detection. Product minimization and selection discard some
products but prioritization covers all the products. Products Prioritization technique reorders the
products based on feature coverage criteria or feature coupling complexity criteria. Prioritization
reveals faults earlier that help in early fault correction, feedback, saves cost and time. In existing
techniques of prioritization criteria, no one addressed the feature?s individual complexity to
prioritize the products. In this present research, the researcher calculated use case complexity of
individual features calculated followed by finding product?s complexity in order to prioritize
product (Test Case).There are abstract and concrete features in a feature model. Concrete features
can be mapped on use case descriptions because they provide the functional requirements of
system. An algorithm proposed for finding complexity of UC that based on UC template
attributes. It eventually prioritized the products based on individual feature?s complexity. To
validate the work, e Shop case study used that was evaluated by generating feature model and
valid products configurations with the help of the SPL tool. The e Shop data set obtained from
SPLOT that was a free repository. Lists of prioritized products for existing criteria and proposed
criteria obtained by running their respective algorithms. Effectiveness of the proposed criteria in
comparison with the existing criteria judged by calculating average percentage of faults detected
for each prioritized list of products. Proposed approach significantly improved the average
percentage of faults detected. The results of case study show that different ordering of the same test cases gives considerable difference in the average percentage of faults detected.