This work presents new results regarding the behavior of some non-Newtonian fluids into different circumstances. After some preliminaries regarding constitutive equations, motion equations and integral transforms, new exact solutions for the ve- locity field and the shear stress corresponding to some flows with technical relevance have been established for ordinary second grade, Oldroyd-B fluids and generalized Maxwell fluids. Just as in the case of Navier-Stokes fluids, it is necessary to develop a large class of exact and approximate solutions, they serving as tests to verify nu- merical schemes that are developed to study complex unsteady flow problems. In chapter 2, by means of the Laplace transform, there are established new exact solutions corresponding to the first problem of Stokes for Oldroyd-B fluids. These solutions, in accordance with the previous results obtained using Fourier sine trans- form, can be easily specialized to give similar solutions for Maxwell fluids. The main aim of chapter 3 was to solve a very important problem, namely to determine the re- quired time to reach the steady-state for the second problem of Stokes corresponding to second grade fluids. In addition to solve this problem we also found new exact so- lutions for this problem. Our solutions, unlike the solutions obtained by Erdogan for Newtonian fluids, are written as a sum between steady state and transient solutions. Chapter 4 contains exact solutions for the unsteady flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid between two side walls perpendicular to a plate. In the absence of side walls the obtained solutions tend to the similar solutions for the flow over a flat plate (the first problem of Stokes). The influence of the pertinent parameters on the velocity of the fluid at the middle of the channel as well as on the shear stress on the bottom is underlined by graphical illustrations. In chapter 5, by means of Laplace and Hankel transforms, we obtained the solutions for unsteady flow of a generalized Maxwell fluid between two circular cylinders. These solutions, presented as a sum of the Newtonian solutions and the non-Newtonian contributions, can be easily specialized to give the similar solutions for ordinary Maxwell fluids. Finally, the influence of the pertinent parameters on the velocity of the fluid are also underlined by graphical illustrations.
سوانح تصانیف فکروفن انتخابِ کلام ان موضوعات کی روشنی میں مونوگراف کا مطالعہ کرتے ہیں اور اقبال تک پہنچنے کی کوشش کرتے ہیں۔ سوانح اقبال کو سمجھنے کے لیے اقبال کی شاعری کو سمجھنا ضروری ہے۔ اقبال کی شاعری کو بہت شہرت ملی ۔ اقبال کی بدولت اردو زبان و ادب کو بھی بلند مقام حاصل ہوا۔ بہت کی زبانوں میں کلام اقبال کے تراجم بھی ہوئے ۔پروفیسر عبد الحق نے تو اپنے مونوگراف میں یہاں تک کا ہے کہ ایک ہزار سال کی علمی تاریخ میں اقبال جیسا مفکر پیدا نہیں ہوا اور اس شعر کو اقبال ہی سے منسوب کیا ہے۔ ہزاروں سال نرگس اپنی بے نوری پہ روتی ہے بڑی مشکل سے ہوتا ہے چمن میں دیدہ ور پیدا (26) اقبال 9 نومبر 1877ء کو پنجاب کے شہر سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ لاہور پنجاب کا دار الخلافہ ہے اور سیالکوٹ لاہور کے قریب ہے۔ سیالکوٹ میں اقبال کے بعد دوسرے عظیم شاعر فیض احمد فیض نے سیالکوٹ میں جنم لیا۔ فیض نے اقبال کو منظوم خراج عقیدت پیش کیا ہے۔ اقبال کے بزرگ کشمیر سے آکر سیالکوٹ میں آباد ہوئے تھے وہ کشمیری برہمن تھے ۔ ان کی گوتھ سپر د تھی۔ پنڈت جواہر لعل نہرو بھی سپرو برہمن تھے۔ اقبال نے اپنی شاعری میں اپنے برہمنی سلسلے کا ذکر بھی کیا ہے۔ اقبال کے جد امجد بعد میں مشرف بہ اسلام ہوئے۔ کئی بار حج کیے۔ چرار شریف میں مدفون ہیں۔ شیخ اکبر، اقبال کے پڑدادا تھے۔ یہ بھی کسی بزرگ کے مرید تھے۔ یہ آکر پنجاب ٹھہرے تھے۔ ان کے بیٹے شیخ محمد رفیق نے سیالکوٹ میں رہائش اختیار کی۔ یہ اقبال کے دادا تھے اور اقبال کے والد نور محمد 1837ءمیں سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے ۔ دھسوں اور لوئیوں کا کاروبار کیا۔ قرآن کریم کے مطالعہ سے شغف رکھا۔ ابن عربی...
The variety and difference in natural capabilities of a nation can be observed in their conversational skills. If the mental level of an individual has properly grown up, his power of expression, vocabulary and style of reasoning will be defiantly of high standard as compared to a common man. Similarly, when these skills get a literary shape it become more standardized. “Al Nazaha” is the art of the speech having similarity with satire (هجو )to a level but is different in many aspects with respect to its application, such as purification of plebian words )كالم سوقيانه, )reformative critical outlook and broad thinking etc. This article deals with the art of speech )النزاهة )its introduction and utilization in the Arabic and Islamic sources
The demand of mobile technology is growing with the passage of time and various operating
systems with multiple versions are already available in the market. Moreover, there is huge influx
of mobile applications to the market. To ensure the quality of these apps, an appropriate Software
Development Lifecycle (SDLC) is needed. The current software development processes are not
appropriate for developing mobile apps, primarily, due to inherent complexities of these apps.
Therefore, instead of using the conventional SDLC models, there is a need to come up with a new
model that could lead to a successful mobile app development. In this research, a Hybrid Agile
Development Model (HADM) is proposed for the development of high quality mobile apps. The
proposed model minimizes the occurrences of bugs during mobile apps development that are
normally handled at the later stages. The reason for developing HADM is its simplicity and
highly responsive nature. In order to validate the proposed model, a survey was conducted to get
expert opinion from different software development organizations and professionals. Results
show that 52 (86.6%) out of 60 experts were in favour of (HADM) with their highest preference,
4(6.6%) experts were not sure about the model validity and only 4 (6.6%) experts went against
the model