عبدالغنی صاحب انصاری
دارالمصنفین کے لیے دوسرا حادثہ مولوی عبدالغنی صاحب انصاری ریٹائرڈ کمشنر انکم ٹیکس کی وفات کا ہے، مرحوم علامہ شبلی کے عزیز دارالمصنفین کے پرانے ہمدرد ہواخواہ اور اس کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے رکن تھے، ان کی ذات میں جدید و قدیم دونوں کی خوبیاں جمع تھیں، جدید تعلیم کے ساتھ پرانی وضعداری اور تہذیب و شرافت کا نمونہ تھے۔ اپنے دور کے قابل ترین افسروں میں ان کا شمار تھا، اپنی قابلیت حسن اخلاق اور سیرت و کردار کی پختگی کی وجہ سے حکومت اور پبلک دونوں میں مقبول و ممدوح تھے، ریٹائر ہونے کے بعد قومی کاموں میں بھی دلچسپی لیتے تھے، ادھر عرصہ سے ان کی صحت خراب تھی، گذشتہ مہینہ کراچی میں انتقال کیا۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (’’م‘‘، ستمبر ۱۹۶۲ء)
The article explores views of Maulᾱna Waḥῑduddῑn Khᾱn on relation between Islam and secularism as there is no specification of his thoughts on the above issue as critics and other scholars tend to show confusion when they approach Khᾱn’s thoughts from that specific angle. Maulᾱna Waḥῑduddῑn Khᾱn is an Indian religious scholar and peace activist who is alive and known for his modern, cosmopolitan and peaceful thoughts. In this article the scattered and disjointed views of Khᾱn on relation between Islam and secularism have been portrayed as to give context to his original views and show his actual stance which might remove the confusion prevalent amongst intellectuals and scholars as to spot Khᾱn’s basic stance on the above issue. The definition and different experiences of secularism has been shortly described along with projection of diversity of stance from other Muslim scholars as to broaden the very background of the issue. Later the views of Khᾱn and his approach to the issue have been presented. The article will throw light that how Khᾱn perceives the issue of relation between Islam and secularism and what is the point of convergence and divergence between Islam and secularism. This article will also highlight that whether he deals the topic on the basis of creed or philosophy or pragmatism and that whether he takes secularism as beneficial or damaging to the interest of Muslims and Islam. The article also shed light on the scheme of Khᾱn that how Muslim should deal with the phenomenon of secularism.
Potato is a prime crop in ensuring food security locally as well as globally in the face of changing world demographic scenario as it provides more energy per unit of land and time (216 MJ/ha/day) than any other main staple food crop. However, potato crop is not as productive in subtropical areas as it is in temperate climate. This is attributed to abiotic (e.g. salinity) stress factors which are further aggravating by urbanization, industrialization, climate change and use of underground saline water for potato production due to shortage of freshwater in most of arid and semi-arid regions of the globe. Therefore, a pot culture study, comprised of four experiments was conducted to investigate the role of SA on morpho-physiological, bio-chemical, enzymatic and ionic attributes that can be used for characterization of salinity tolerance in potato cultivars. Tubers were planted in plastic pots, using fine sand as growth medium and half strength Hoagland solution was applied to plants as nutrient medium. In first experiment, screening of 13 different potato cultivars for salinity tolerance was carried out on the basis of morphological and ionic attributes against six salt (NaCl) stress concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 dS m-1). Cultivars were categorized into tolerant and sensitive ones on the basis of their performance in 1st experiment. One most tolerant (N-Y LARA) and one most sensitive (720-110 NARC) cultivar were selected for further study. Moreover, in 2nd experiment, effect of different salt (NaCl ) stress levels (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 dS m-1) was investigated on physiological, biochemical, enzymatic and ionic attributes of salt sensitive and salt tolerant potato cultivars (screened out in first experiment). Furthermore, an optimization experiment (3rd) was carried out to identify the best salicylic acid (SA) concentration among various SA levels (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25 mM) by foliar spray under saline (5 dS m-1) environment to test salt tolerance potential of sensitive and tolerant potato cultivars (identified in first study). Additionally, salt tolerance potential of tolerant and sensitive potato cultivars was evaluated under saline (5 dS m-1) and non-saline environment without and with foliar spray of optimized concentration of SA (0.5 mM) vis-à-vis various physiological, biochemical, ionic and antioxidant attributes. Results of 1st and 2nd experiments depicted that salt stress significantly reduced shoot length (SL), root length (RL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW), potassium contents (K+), photosynthetic activity (Pn), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance of CO2 (gs), substomatal CO2 (Ci), water potential xiv (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψπ), turgor potential (Ψp), total chlorophyll contents (Chl.), and total soluble protein content’s attributes. However, mean emergence time (MET), sodium contents (Na+), Na+: K+, melondialdehyde contents (MDA), proline contents, total phenolic contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities increased with increase in salt stress severity against six salt stress levels. From 3rd experiment, 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA) concentration proved to be the best for inducing salt tolerance in both the potato cultivars. Furthermore, findings of 4th experiment clearly indicated that SA (0.5 mM) significantly enhanced salt tolerance potential of both the potato cultivars by alleviating drastic effects of salt stress on ionic, water relations, physiological, biochemical and enzymatic attributes as mentioned in 2nd experiment. Overall, it can be extracted that salt stress is injurious for potato growth and productivity and exogenous application of SA (0.5 mM) proved effective for enhancing salt tolerance potential of potato. However, SA effect was more pronounced on N-Y LARA than 720-110 NARC reflecting that former one was tolerant to salt stress while the latter one was susceptible. Besides, one can establish that Ψp, LRWC, Pn, E, WUE, gs and protein might directly be linked with growth and tuber yield attributes as they are negatively affected by salt stress in the same way as salt stress affected growth attributes in experiment one (Table-4.1.19) and tuber’s yield in experiment four (Table-4.4.1), respectively. In view of salt resistance potential of N-Y LARA and efficacy of low concentration of SA (0.5 mM) to further mitigate salt stress effect, cultivation of N-Y LARA along-with foliar application of SA (0.5 mM) may be recommended in saline soil.