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Home > Assessment of Growth and Physiochemical Responses of Wheat to Chemo-Blended Silver and Iron Nanoparticles

Assessment of Growth and Physiochemical Responses of Wheat to Chemo-Blended Silver and Iron Nanoparticles

Thesis Info

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Author

Jhanzab, Hafiz Muhammad

Program

PhD

Institute

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

City

Rawalpindi

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Agricultural Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13398/1/Hafiz%20Muhammad%20Jhanzab%20agronomy%202019%20arid%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725542419

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Wheat is king of cereals and plays a central role in Pakistan’s food economy. Developing world has greater concern about food security because of population intensification. There is a dire need of new technologies and inventions for modern agriculture to reshape in productive fashion. Nanotechnology has greater potential for addressing current agricultural issues in resource and environmental friendly manner. Nanotechnology is the exploration of materials objects and systems through the structure and properties of matter at nano scale. Exploring the comprehensive research profile of nanoparticles may revolutionize entire industry in to climax. Silver and iron nano particles have potential to enhance growth and development by improving metabolic activities of plants. Organic chemicals like nicotinic acid, tryptophan and myo-inositol have stimulatory effects on plant growth and act as endogenous promoters. Inorganic chemicals like urea and KNO3have yield enhancing effects. Silver and Iron nanoparticles were synthesized in Crop Physiology Lab Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Size determination of nanoparticles was carried out through SEM and Zeta Particle Analyzer. In primary optimization series of experiments were carried out to find the best concentration of nanoparticles, organic and inorganic chemicals. From primary optimization 5 ppm Ag NPs, 10 ppm nicotinic acid, 25 ppm tryptophan, 25 ppm myo-inositol, 0.75 % urea, 0.75 % KNO3 and 5 ppm Fe-NPs were selected for blending purpose. In secondary optimization all the best performing treatments were blended by making possible combinations. Growth analysis was carried out for evaluation of effective nanoblended formulations for wheat growth. To check the response of chemo-blended nanoformulations morphological, physio-chemical, and yield analysis were performed. Proteomic analysis was carried out to investigate the insight change in proteome in response to chemo-blended NPs. Results revealed that Ag NPs and Fe NPs mixed with organic and inorganic chemicals increased wheat plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll spad reading, root length, shoot and root biomass. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were increased with application of chemo-blended NPs. Biochemical analysis such as total free amino acid contents, total soluble sugars, and total soluble proteins were significantly promoted with chemo-blended Ag and Fe NPs. Antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, CAT, and POD were increased in response to chemo-blended NPs. Yield attributes like no. grains per spike, weight of grains, and yield of wheat increased in response to Ag & Fe NPs mixed with organic and inorganic chemicals. In proteomic analysis proteins were extracted from treated plants and analyzed through nano LC-MS/MS. Differential analysis of MS data was carried out with PERSEUS software (version 1.6.0.7). The protein sequence of the differentially changed proteins was subjected to amigene ontology Go database. The gene functional annotations and protein categorization was assessed through MapMan bincode and protein abundance ratio was assessed through MapMan software. Pathway mapping of identified proteins was performed using KEGG databases. Amongst differentially changed proteins, proteins related to photosynthesis, protein synthesis, secondary metabolism and transport were increased while glycolysis, signaling and stress related proteins were decreased. KEGG pathway mapping of identified glycolysis related proteins revealed that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase increase/decrease while phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase was decreased. Enzyme activity as confirmation of proteomic analysis revealed that SOD, CAT, and POD increased in response to chemoblended NPs. Furthermore, maintenance of redox homeostasis through regulation of glycolysis and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes regulate energy metabolism. This maintenance of energy related activities may stimulate plant growth and development in response to chemo-blended NPs.
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نولکھی کوٹھی میں پسماندگی کے مظاہر

نو لکھی کوٹھی میں پس ماندگی کے مظاہر

                علی اکبر ناطق کا پہلا ناول’’نو لکھی کوٹھی‘‘جس نے اردو ادب میں ایک نئی تاریخ رقم کر دی ہے اور مصنف کی وجہ شہرت بنا۔یہ ناول 2014ء میں سانجھ پبلی کیشنز لاہورسے شائع ہوا ۔ ناول 448 صفحات پر مشتمل ہے ۔ناول کے اب تک سات ایڈیشن شائع ہو چکے ہیں اور انہوں نے ناول کا انتساب اپنے ابا جان’’محمد بشیر‘‘ کے نام کیا ہے۔

                مصنف  نے ناول کے ذریعے نہ صرف ادب کے معیار کو طے کیا ہے بلکہ ایک مختلف انداز میں یعنی روایتی اندازسے بالکل الگ ہو کر اسے پیش کیا ہے۔ناول نہایت دل فریب صورت میں اور دیدہ زیب انداز میں تحریر کیا گیا ہے،قاری ایک ہی نشست میں مکمل پڑھنا چاہتا ہے۔اس کا مختلف زبانوں میں ترجمہ بھی ہو چکا ہے۔

                فکشن میں ان کا یہ قدم حیرت زدہ کرنے والا ہے۔ نثر کو پڑھتے ہوئے ان کی مکالمہ اور بیانیہ پر مکمل گرفت کا احساس اجاگر ہوتا ہے۔ وہ لکھتے ہوئے ایسی منظر کشی کرتے ہیں کہ پڑھنے والا دنگ رہ جاتا ہے۔ایسا محسوس ہوتا ہے کہ جیسے کہانی بالکل ویسی ہے جس میں قاری اپنا ماضی گزار چکا ہے۔ وہ پڑھتے ہوئے خود کو اس کا ایک حصہ گردانتا ہے۔

                اردو ادب ان سے جتنی بھی امیدیں وابستہ کر لے وہ غلط نہ ہوں گی۔ہمارے دور کے ہو کر بھی انہوں نے نہایت ہی کمال طریقے سے ماضی کے ان واقعات سے پردہ اٹھایا ہے جنہیں ہم قصوں کہانیوں میں سنتے آئے ہیں۔

                معاشرت کی خوبصورت انداز میں عکاسی کی ہے۔ مصنف ناول میں پیچیدہ پہلوؤں کو سامنے لے کر آتا ہے۔ناول میں جس ’’نو لکھی کوٹھی‘‘...

مختلف مذاہب میں شہد کی افادیت، جدید سائنس کی روشنی میں تحقیقی جائزہ

This paper is the study of the fact that chief nutrition and health-relevant compounds in honey are carbohydrates, particularly glucose and fructose, which create it a superb energy resource for human. The honey comprises huge number of components in minor and trace level enzymes, proteins, minerals, vitamins and phenolic compounds, creating biological and nutritional effects like wound healing, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. The usage of honey is commonly comprised by all cultural beliefs and religious. Honey is a natural liquid mentioned in religious books and accepted by all generations, traditions and civilizations in both ancients and modern era. More than 1400 years ago, honey is described a source of healing in the Quran and it is also mentioned as one of the foods of paradise

Trade openness and corruption

This research empirically tests the impact of trade openness along with political openness and quality of openness index on corruption. A dynamic panel data set spanning over 19 years with 29 cross-sections is utilised for this purpose. Generalised method of moment technique is employed for the estimation of results to tackle the issue of endogeneity. Two data sets of corruption perception indices are used to check the sensitivity of estimates to the selection of corruption perception data. In addition, the analysis is carried out once for the entire sample of counties then, it is replicated for three subsamples are made on the basis of income classification by the World Bank. Empirical results support the inverse relationship of trade openness and corruption but results are not robust to selection of multiple indices for corruption perception measures. Press freedom, long term exposure to democracy, Quality of Openness Index and Per Capita Gross Domestic Product have robust results. More freedom to the press in a country and longer duration of democracy leads to higher probability of a country to have lower levels of corruption. In addition, higher Per Capita Gross Domestic Product leads to lower levels of corruption as expected. However, Quality of Openness Index remains insignificant throughout the analysis implying that doing trade with less corrupt partners does not have an impact on corruption levels of importing country. Regarding government size, the variable is negatively related to corruption in the case of higher and upper middle income economies; however, it is positively related to corruption for the lower income economies. Furthermore, results for the current level of democracy are inconclusive