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Association Mapping for Meiotic Stage Drought Tolerance in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L.

Thesis Info

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Author

Munir, Sonia

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Agricultural Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11906/1/Sonia%20munir%20wheat%20breeding%202019%20uaf%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725551542

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The wheat is a staple food of Pakistan and drought is a major problem not only of Pakistan but whole of the world. The study was conducted in the department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. In total 226 genotypes were grown in polythene bags and drought stress was imposed using PEG-6000 (20%) and data were collected for shoot length, root length, root shoot ratio, fresh weight and dry weight. The genotypes which showed good performance for all the parameters were selected (100 genotypes) and evaluated during the next two years 2013-14 and 2014-15 under both the normal and meiotic stage (pre-anthesis) drought stress conditions. The data were collected for 14 traits such as days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, peduncle length, spike length, length, width and area of the flag leaves, spikelets per spike, grains no. /spike, grain weight /spike, tillers per plant, thousand grains weight and yield /plant. Principal component analysis was used to derive the information regarding variation in the germplasm. ANNOVA exhibited that all the differences were significant for all the parameters under both the normal as well as the drought conditions during first and also during 2nd years. The first and second PC being the most diverse components showed 28.4% and 42.2% of variation during 2013-14 under normal conditions and 13.6% and 33.7 % under drought conditions in the same year. Biplot based on the 2013-14 data collected under normal conditions represented that the heading days, length of the peduncle, length of spikes, area of the flag leaves, and the weight of 1000 grains and no. of spikelets / spike contributed greatly in diversity. Yield per plant showed significantly positive results of correlation with grains / spike and tillers / plant under stress environments. Similarly under irrigated conditions leaf length was affected negatively for the data collected during 2013-14. During 2014-15 the yield of the plants had shown the significant correlation but in negative direction with the trait like length of the spike, leaf width and 1000 grain weight stress conditions while under normal conditions yield per plant showed the correlation that was significant and in positive direction with that of time taken to the maturity and the duration to the heading of the crop while significant results of yield for correlation but in negative direction with peduncle length, spikelets per spike and tillers per plant. The study showed the behavior of different traits under irrigated and stressed conditions and can be helpful to identify the traits which are affected under stress. The structure analysis divided the 100 genotypes into three sub populations containing 50 in first and 25 genotypes in 2nd and 3rd population respectively. The molecular work showed that eight characters were identified which were linked with nine SSR markers at probability level of 1% and the phenotypic value was in range of 14 to 32% under water stress conditions. But under the irrigated conditions the same genotypes showed that six parameters were linked with six SSR markers with the same probability level and phenotypic variability was ranged from 14% to 22%. The five SSR primers were identified such as WMC382, CFA2086, CFA2121, CFA2263 and WMC2610 which were linked with spikelets per spike which can be concluded as trait specific MTA.
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جنوں

جنوں
لوگ آستین میں خنجر چھپا کر ملتے رہتے
میں گردن کی۔۔۔سینے کی پرواہ نہ کرتا
صبح شام عشق پر درود۔۔۔سبز موسم پر سلام پڑھتا رہتا
شبنمی چاندنی۔۔۔!
گل بنفشا، گل مریم کی گرھیں کھولتی رہتی
میں عشق زادوں کا طواف کرتے ہوئے محو سفر رہتا
آخر اک روز قیس بن الملوح مل ہی گئے
جو مہکتے خط کے ساتھ۔۔۔!
مجھے عشق کی بارگاہ میں لے ہی گئے
عشق نے صالحین، عاشقین اور صادقین کے رو برو۔۔۔!
مجھے سلسلۂ جنوں کی دستار عطا کی
پھر قیس بن ذریع کو۔۔۔!
میری خانہ بدوشی اور آوارگی کی داستاں سناتے ہوئے!
مجھے صحرا کی طرف روانہ کیا۔

مميزات التشريع الجنائي في الفقه الإسلامي: دراسة تحليلية

Occidentals, in antagonism to Islam, propagate that Law of Jinai is too stringent and rigid. For the reason that in Islam, a living human being is stoned to death, his hands and legs are cut into pieces, and that he is hanged. Some of our modern Muslims have been impressed of the same propaganda and are trying to alter the Islamic set of laws; they further misinterpret the laws ordained in this regard. The fact is that every Islamic law, especially the law of Jinai, is in favour of human beings, having such qualities which laws of the other religions lack. For example, Islam has provided clear distinction between Had and penalty. In Islam, the purpose of punishment is to reform and these Hadoods are not enforced unless the doubts are cleared. This comprehensive provisionary role of Islam is over sighted by the occidental Scholars. 

Physico-Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity of Daucus Carota Cultivars Indigenous to Pakistan

In view of escalating awareness and demand for natural products, having antioxidants in the form of vegetables to get foods with medicinal properties, the research on natural antioxidants has achieved remarkable momentum. Daucus carota is among the emerging vegetables with high economic value, due to craving taste and health promoting attributes. It is extensively acknowledged that cultivar and genotype can affect the physico-chemical characteristics and biological activities in fruits and vegetables. The present project was designed to evaluate compositional variations in newly developed cultivars of carrot indigenous to Pakistan. Investigated cultivars proved to be good source of protein, carbohydrates, oil, crude fiber and minerals with significant (ρ < 0.05) variation. The investigated carrot cultivars showed considerable amounts of phenolic acids and carotenoids with remarkable total antioxidant activity, DPPH scavenging capacity, super radical scavenging capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. The composition of individual phenolics and sugars compounds was determined using high performance chromatography (HPLC) with diode array and refractive index detectors, respectively. Among phenolic compounds, 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the major hydroxylcinnamic acid, ranging from 6.98 to 33.23 mg/100g of total phenolic compounds. The total amount of phenolic compounds in DCP cultivar was 54.62 mg/100g, where as the corresponding values in other cultivars ranged from 12.8 to 20.29 mg/100g. Maltose was the predominant sugar in all the seven cultivars of D. carota (1.886-2.463 g/100g), followed by fructose (1.103-2.09 g/100g), glucose (0.963-1.395g/100g). The concentration of maltodextrin and maltotriose ranged from 0.166-0.583 g/100g and 0.004-0.058g/100g respectively in all cultivars of D. carota. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the effect of consuming 250mL carrot juice for one month on cardiovascular risk markers, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, blood chemistry, blood cells, lipid profile and antioxidant status in industrial workers of different age groups. Drinking carrot juice showed positive effects on blood chemistry, decreased systolic blood pressure and increased plasma antioxidant activity. Overall, the present study explored that investigated carrot cultivars indigenous to Pakistan are the potent source of 16 minerals, carotenoids, natural sugars and phenolic acids with significant biological activities. It is concluded that all the genotyipical different cultivars with compositional variation, having functional and nutraceutical attributes may be beneficial for health conscious consumers.