This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. The study population consisted of three groups; A, B and C. Group A comprised of healthy controls, group B comprised of type 2 diabetic patients and group C comprised of type 2 diabetic patients having coronary heart disease (CHD). Each group contained 60 members. The participants of the study were selected randomly from referral tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar including Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar (LRH) and Rehman Medical Institute (RMI). A questionnaire was used to record participant history. Fasting samples of blood were collected from all participants. Biochemical analysis was done for fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and serum adiponectin levels. The biochemical analysis was carried out in the research laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College. SPSS version 19 was used for the analysis of the data. In this study, higher levels of adiponectin were recorded in women than men; significant difference was seen in the control group. Significantly higher concentrations of HbA1c, FBG, TC and TG (p value <0.05), were noted in diabetic participants and those having diabetes with coronary heart disease. Both the diseased groups presented with significantly low serum adiponectin (p<0.001) and HDL-C (p<0.001) concentrations than the control. Participants having type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without CHD did not show any significant difference for the studied variables. iThe association of serum adiponectin with other parameters was determined. Adiponectin level was positively associated with HDL-C in control (male: r 0.948; p=<0.01, female: r 0.988; p=<0.01), type 2 diabetic participants (male: r 0.860; p=<0.01; female: r 0.908; p=<0.01) and type 2 diabetic participants having CHD (male: r 0.650; p=<0.01, female: r 0.775; p=<0.01). Significant negative association of adiponectin level was observed with TG in control (male: r - 0.537; p= <0.01; female: r -0.515; p=0.01), type 2 diabetic participants (male: r -0.747; p =<0.01, female: r -0.790; p=<0.01) and type 2 diabetic participants with CHD (male: r -0.640; p=<0.01, female: r -0.669; p=<0.01). In both the diseased groups, level of adiponectin in the serum was negatively associated with FBG and HbA1c with p value<0.01. The negative association of adiponectin with FBG was slightly weaker in male diabetic patients having CHD with p value 0.04. Type 2 diabetic subjects showed negative association of adiponectin with TC and LDL-C (each with p value<0.01). Type 2 diabetic subjects having CHD showed a weak negative association of adiponectin with TC in female participants with p value 0.03. Control male participants showed negative association with LDL-C in male members (p=0.002). This study concludes that adiponectin level is markedly decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus, with and without CHD. The adiponectin level showed positive association with HDL-C and negative association with HbA1c and TG. Therefore, adiponectin level acts as a biomarker of glycemic status and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus alone and with coronary heart disease.
خان بہادر شیخ محمد جان افسوس ہے گزشتہ مہینے خان بہادر شیخ محمد جان صاحب کاکم وبیش ۸۵برس کی عمر میں کلکتہ میں انتقال ہوگیا اوروہیں تدفین عمل میں آئی۔ مرحوم قومی اعتبار سے ہندوستان کے ان پنجابی مسلمانوں میں سے تھے جو تجارت اور کاروبار میں ترقی کے لیے ممتاز ونمایاں ہیں۔ مرحوم اپنی جماعت میں بھی ممتاز اورنہایت محترم و معزز سمجھے جاتے تھے۔ طبعاً نہایت مخیر اورغربا و فقراء کی انفرادی طورپر امداد کرنے کے علاوہ قومی،مذہبی اورملکی معاملات میں بڑی فیاضی اورکشادہ دلی سے خرچ کرتے تھے۔ ان کومسلمانوں کے تعلیمی مسائل سے بڑی دلچسپی تھی، چنانچہ ان کا قائم کیا ہواخان بہادر شیخ محمد جان ہائر سکینڈری اسکول کلکتہ کی ایک قدیم اورنیک نام مسلمان بچوں کی تعلیم گاہ ہے۔ علاوہ ازیں وہ کلکتہ اوربیرون کلکتہ کے بیسوں بلندپایۂ اورممتاز تعلیمی اداروں کے رکن تھے۔ دیوبند کے علماء سے ان کو بڑی عقیدت اورارادت تھی۔ عقیدے اور عمل اوراخلاق وعادات کے اعتبار سے اعلیٰ درجہ کے مسلمان تھے، پنجگانہ نمازباجماعت کی پابندی کے علاوہ تہجد گذار بھی تھے اور اوراد و ظائف کاشغل بھی رکھتے تھے۔حضرت مولانا سید حسین احمد مدنی سے بیعت تھے۔ سیاسی اعتبار سے کٹر نیشلسٹ تھے، کانگریس اور جمعیۃ العلماء کے ہم خیال اور فرقہ وارارنہ سیاست کے ہمیشہ مخالف رہے اور اگرچہ تقسیم سے پہلے مسلم لیگ کی تحریک کے سخت بحران وجوش کے باعث دوسرے مسلم نیشنلسٹ اکابر طرح خان بہادر صاحب کوشدید اذیتوں اورتکلیفوں کاسامنا کرنا پڑا، تاہم انھوں نے یہ سب کچھ برداشت کیا اوران کے خیال اورروش میں کوئی تبدیلی پیدانہیں ہوئی۔ ارکان ندوۃ المصنفین کے ساتھ ذاتی تعلق کے علاوہ شروع سے ادارہ کے محسن رہے، تقسیم کے وقت جب ادارہ لٹ لٹا کرتباہ وبرباد ہوگیا، ارکان ادارہ بے خانماں اوربے سروسامان ہوگئے تھے اورادارہ کے دوبارہ قائم اورجاری رہنے کی بہ...
This study aims to determine the synergy that can be implemented between Islamic Bank and Village Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) to strengthen unbankable business capital and to assess the application of sharia contracts toward some products provided by BUMDes. The research methodology used qualitative analysis, primary data obtained from informants, namely one branch manager of Islamic Bank of Indonesian (BSI), Pekanbaru branch and 14 BUMDes leaders in Tambang District, Kampar. The results show that first: two forms of synergy can be implemented between BSI and BUMDes to strengthen unbankable business capital, namely BSI finances through BUMDes then distributed to the unbankable micro-entrepreneurs and BSI distributes directly to the unbankable micro-entrepreneurs based on BUMDes recommendation then BSI provides a fee after BUMDes gives the guarantee, second: the application of sharia contracts toward some products supplied by BUMDes currently could use wadi`ah, mudharobah, musyarokah, murobahah, salam, istisna, ijaroh and wakalah.
Educational Management Information System (EMIS) is a formal method of providing management with accurate and timely information so that decision making, planning, project development and other management functions and operations can be carried out effectively. It is imperative that the producers as well as the users of education data and information receive proper guidance in the rudiments of EMIS and become aware of its importance and application in response to their own needs to a rapidly increasing and expanding demand from both local and international data users. Planning and development needs sound feedback, which, in the case of education department, is provided by EMIS. For the last so many years planning has not contributed much to the expectations. Besides so many reasons one may be the poor feedback provided for such a purpose. During the study it was desired to understand the meaning, importance, procedure of both EMIS & Planning and to inquire whether their requisites are fully observed. Major focus of the study is based on two types of questionnaire. Both the questionnaire are developed for the experts of the field directly or indirectly involved in the planning and development. The second tool used for the data collection is interview which is a process of interaction. During the interview, subject gave the needed information verbally in a face-to face situation. In the study it was needed to interview the personnel involved in Provincial Management Information System and Planning and Development at Secretariat level while to know the operational activities a panel of officials of Provincial Directorate was also interviewed. In the subject case the existent population consists of Primary, Middle, Secondary and Higher Secondary Institutions, both male and female, of twenty-four districts of the province. The sampled population of the study was twenty-four districts of the province having 26866 Government institutions administered under the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education NWFP. The institutions of each District are further administered under the control of Executive District Officer Elementary and Secondary Education. The data for the study was collected from the same authority concerned. During the study it was found that there is no perfect correlation between the variables of physical facilities and the facilities needed. It was also found that the school mapping activities are not being undertaken. This situation is prevailing at the provincial and district levels of NWFP. The proformas used for collecting data basically capture enrolment of students, profile of teachers and very limited information about school facilities. Assuming that these data would be utilized for school mapping, these are very inadequate to characterize the schools and its environ since it does not contain non school based data such as socio-economic, demographic which are essential in school mapping activities. Apparently there are no conscious efforts at the school stage to undertake this activity more so ever at the district level. The absence of this exercise considering its importance could be attributed reasons: lack of knowledge of the concerned officials to carry out the activity, the absence of the clear-cut policy direction on what, how and when. There is a need to network the entire districts in a province in terms of internet linkage so that the flow and sharing of data information would be more expeditious and timely. EMIS centers at district level may be linked through internet to the National Education Information System. This will establish well defined common data elements; synchronize data collection and processing system using common computer language; faster sharing of information; clearer and meaningful analysis of the performance of the country’s educational system. There must be permanent officials at district level whose job may be to collect the data related to indicators necessary for EMIS data of the event as and when it occurs. In this way they will be able to up-to-date the website of the department. Besides covering all four components (especially input, process & output) of the education system, indicators should also be developed for reference to factors outside the system. These could include additional indicators for accountability to the society at large.