Home > Association of the Trace Mineral Profile of Soil, Forages and Blood With the Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Grazing Sheep of District Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
Association of the Trace Mineral Profile of Soil, Forages and Blood With the Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis in Grazing Sheep of District Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan
Sheep production in Pakistan has an imperative socio-economic impact on the small holder rural farmers. Gastro-intestinal (GI) parasitic infections in sheep cause a substantial loss in terms of productivity and constitute serious economic losses in the world. In parasitized sheep, reductions in immunity to fight against endo-parasites might be attributable to mineral deficiencies. Trace elements including Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) were determined in (a) sera of sheep, (b) preferred flora and (c) respective soil samples of district Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan during Autumn 2014 and Spring, 2015. Associative analysis was made between the serum concentrations of the study elements and quantitative worm burden. To this end, a total of 384 grazing sheep were randomly selected for collection of blood and faecal samples as per the standard protocols. An appropriate number of plants/ forages and soil samples were also collected. The sera, plant and soil samples were subjected to pre-treatment (digestion) required for the determination of trace element profile through atomic absorption spectrophotometery. Overall prevalence of GI parasites was 32.55% and 32.81% in district Sialkot during Autumn and Spring, respectively. Variable age and breed showed non-significant results while, sex was found significant during both seasons. Concentration of selected trace elements was significantly (P > 0.05) varied in analyzed forages; however, mean concentration of only Cu in forages collected from different tehsils varied significantly (P < 0.05) during Spring. A non-significant (P > 0.05) variation among soil trace elements was found in different tehsils of Sialkot district during both seasons. Concentration of all selected trace elements except Co in serum showed significant (P < 0.05) results among tehsils of district Sialkot during Spring while, only Zn in serum showed significant (P < 0.05) results during Autumn. Mean concentrations of Zn, Co and Cu during Autumn and Zn and Cu during Spring in serum was found inversely proportional to the mean egg per gram of sheep in all the three tehsils of Sialkot district. Forages containing high concentrations of Zn and Cu can be used effectively against GI parasites. Grazing of animals in rangelands containing trace elements rich forages increase the resilience against parasitic infections particularly in resource poor countries like Pakistan.
منشی عبدالعزیز صاحب انصاری دارالمصنفین کے خیر خواہوں اور خدمت گزاروں کو یہ خبر سن کر بڑا رنج و غم اور سخت ملال ہوا کہ اس کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے ایک معزز، سرگرم، مخلص اور قدیم رکن جناب منشی عبدالعزیز صاحب انصاری یکم دسمبر کو بمبئی میں وفات پاگئے، اِناﷲِ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون، یہاں سے ان کا تعلق حضرت مولانا سید سلیمان ندویؒ کے دور میں قائم ہوا، جو بعد میں محکم سے محکم تر ہوتا گیا، وہ بمبئی میں رہتے تھے، لیکن ان کا وطن اعظم گڑھ ہی تھا، اس لیے دارالمصنفین سے ان کا بڑا گہرا قلبی اور جذباتی تعلق تھا۔ اکثر کہا کرتے تھے کہ اس نے ہماری عزت و شہرت میں چار چاند لگادیا ہے، اس سرزمین پر وہ لوگ چلتے پھرتے دکھائی دیتے ہیں جنھوں نے اس کو علم و فن کا لالہ زار بنادیا ہے، وہ اس کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے جلسوں میں نہایت پابندی سے تشریف لاتے، ان کے قیمتی مشوروں سے دارالمصنفین کو بڑا فائدہ پہنچتا، مشکل وقتوں میں اس کے لیے سینہ سپر رہتے، دارالمصنفین کو مالی اعانت کی ضرورت ہوتی تو اس کے کارکنوں کو بمبئی ملاتے اور اپنے یہاں دعوتوں پر اصحاب ثروت کو مدعو کرکے اس کی امداد کرنے پر آمادہ کرتے، شبلی کالج سے بھی خاص تعلق رکھتے اور اس کی ترقی سے بڑی دلچسپی لیتے، تقریباً چالیس برس سے اس کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے صدر تھے، ان کا انتخاب ہمیشہ بلامقابلہ ہوتا تھا۔ ان کی رسمی تعلیم زیادہ نہ تھی، لیکن بڑے علم دوست اور اردو فارسی کا اچھا ذوق رکھتے تھے، وہ بمبئی میں ٹرانسپورٹ کا کاروبار کرتے تھے، جہاں ایک سے بڑھ کر ایک تاجر تھے مگر جو عزت، نیک نامی اور قدر و منزلت انھوں نے حاصل کی وہ کم کسی کو نصیب ہوئی، وہ مہمانوں کے لیے ہر...
The Islamic state has certain rules for taxes to generate income, which need to be followed within Islamic premises. In Islam, Kharāj is a type of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its product. At that time, kharaj was synonymous with jizyah, which later emerged as a per head tax paid by the dhimmis with complete ownership of all resources. Khums means " onefifth or 20%". In Islamic legal terminology, it means one-fifth of certain items that a person acquires as wealth must be paid to the Islamic State. This study is focused on the financial system of an Islamic state, its taxation and revenues.
In this report, I would like to conclude my project with what I have achieved and what is the future plan. Our objective was to integrate the old system with the new and then make use of Traffic Engineering via GUI through our Controller. It eases us our task of creating tunnels manually and now with just one click, we can create several tunnels. My main goal was make a program which would steer the traffic depending on the certain threshold on particular link or tunnel and if that exceeds then move the traffic to other tunnels. That is also done in traditional system via RSVP/FFR