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Bathymetric Study of Tiyon Formation Based on Foraminiferal Assemblage Around Laki Range, Lower Indus Basin, Sindh

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Naz, Humaira

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Sindh

City

Jamshoro

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Earth sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/2473/1/2560S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725568326

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The Bathymetric study of the Tiyon formation, which conformably lies in between Laki and Kirthar Formation around Laki Range is carried out to construct the paleoenvironment interpretation, worldwide correlation and assigned the Standard Chronostratigraphic age. The bathymetric study of the Tiyon formation indicates three zones with their characteristic particular species are: - Ø Brackish water zone (shelf neritic) Elphidium, Nonion Ø Shallow water zone (outer neritic) Quinqueloculina, Robulus Ø Deep water zone (inner neritic) Gyroidina, Rosalina Faunal assemblage and planktonic / benthic ratio suggests that the deposition of the Tiyon formation have took place under marine condition, indicating a near-shore deposition under a very shallow to bathyl zone with clear warm water condition in tropical region. The abundant presence of planktonic foraminifera in the lower part of the Tiyon formation indicates the connection of depositional basin with the open sea, while this condition does not exist in the upper part of the formation. The Tiyon formation contains a variety of stratigraphically important benthic and planktonic species which includes 140 species, 35 planktonic and 120 benthonic forams, belonging to 31 genera & 15 families. The recognized planktonic zonation includes Globigerinatheka semiinvolta Zone, Truncorotaloides rohri Zone, Orbulinoid beckmanni Zone, Globigerina frontosa Zone, Hantkenina aragonensis Zone and Acarinina pentacamerata Zone. These zones verify the Late Ypresian to Early Bartonian age to the Tiyon formation rather than Late Ypresian to Lutetian. The benthic assemblage shows distinct affinities with the Lutetian fauna of Sor Range, (Baluchistan), Raki Nala and Nammal Gorge (Salt Range), Hampshire Basin (England), Paris Basin (France), Gulf Coastal Region (USA), Belgium and Kutch (India). The Tiyon formation is correlated with Pir Koh Limestone (Lower part of Drazinda Shale), Basal Shale unit of Kirthar Formation (Baluchistan), upper part of the Ghazij Shale, Chorgali, Sakesar, Kuldana and basal part of the Kohat Formation. Total number of species and specimen have been plotted graphically to indicate the dominancy of different faunal zone over on another. Temperature is also a determining factor in the study of bathymetric study. Some characteristic species which are exclusively tropical and live in warm temperature also have been discussed in this thesis.
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اردو زبان کے نام

موضوع 8: اردو زبان کے مختلف نام
اردو زبان کو مختلف ادوار میں مختلف ناموں سے پکارا گیا۔ مختلف ادوار میں اسے ہندی،ہندوی ، ہندوستانی کے ناموں سے پکارا جاتا رہا ہے۔ڈاکٹر سلیم اختر نے اپنی کتاب "اردو ادب کی مختصر تاریخ" میں کہا ہے:
"یہ نام بعض اوقات اس مخصوص عہد کے لیے ایک بلیغ استعارہ بھی بن جاتے ہیں۔"
اردو کا لفظ:
اردو کا لفظ وسط ایشیا یا بالائی یورپ سے برصغیر میں داخل ہوا۔وہاں ریوڑ کے معنی میں استعمال کیا گیا۔سندھی زبان میں ڈھیر اور ترکی زبان میں لشکر کے معنی میں ملتا ہے۔ مغل دور میں فوج اور چھتر شاہی کے معنی میں مستعمل رہا۔اسی لیے عساکر(عسکری) کی زبان کو زبان اردو کہا جاتا تھا۔
ہندی یا ہندوی:
اردو زبان کو ہندوستان کی مناسبت سے قدیم زمانے میں ہندی یا ہندوی کہا جاتا تھا۔بقول ڈاکٹر مرزا خلیل احمد بیگ :
"شروع شروع میں یہ زبان اپنی مقامی خصوصیات کی بنا پر ہندوی ، ہندوئی یا ہندی کہلائی۔"(اردو زبان کی لسانی تشکیل)
اس نام کی شہادت قدیم ادبی تصنیفات میں بھی ملتی ہیں۔ قاضی بدر سے لے کر میں سراج الدین خان آرزوتک قدیم لغت نویسوں نے اس زبان کو ہندی یا ہندوی لکھاہے۔ اس کے علاوہ صوفیا کرام کی تحریریں اور اقوال بھی کارآمد ہوتے ہیں۔میر تقی میر نے اپنا تذکرہ "نکات الشعراء میں بھی ہندی کا لفظ استعمال کیا تھا۔ڈاکٹر سہیل بخاری نے بھی اپنی کتاب " اردو کے روپ "میں ہندی یا ہندوی کی مثال دیتے ہوئے کہا :
" شاہ عبدالطیف نے بھی قرآن مجید کا جو ترجمہ کیا اسیزبان ہندی قرار دیا۔"
زبان دہلوی:
امیر خسرو نے اردو کے لیے زبان دہلوی کا نام استعمال کیا ہے۔ اپنی مثنوی "نئے سفر" میں انھوں نے ہندوستان میں تمام مروجہ زبانوں کا تذکرہ کیا ہے۔امیر خسرو کے300 سال بعد ابوالفضل...

الشھید و اقسامہ مع استعمالاتہ الخاطئتہ فی العصر الحاضر

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