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Home > Bioaccumulation of Selected Toxic Heavy Metals Along Rivers of Malakand Division and River Kabul, Pakistan

Bioaccumulation of Selected Toxic Heavy Metals Along Rivers of Malakand Division and River Kabul, Pakistan

Thesis Info

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Author

Hazrat Ali

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Malakand

City

Malakand

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9565/1/Hazrat_Ali_Chemistry_HSR_2018_UoM_Malakand_02.05.2019.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725576420

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Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their serious toxicity, persistence in the environment and bioaccumulative nature. A variety of natural and anthropogenic sources are the main reason of their release into the environment. Contamination of freshwater ecosystems such as rivers with toxic heavy metals is an environmental problem of public health concern. Being persistent elements, heavy metals are accumulated in the environment and are the major cause to contaminate the food chains. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in freshwater fish causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. It is very important to assess and monitor the concentrations of potentially toxic heavy metals in riverine waters and sediments as well as in the resident biota. The present research work aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of four selected heavy metals i.e., Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb in freshwater fish, rice and tobacco along three rivers in Malakand Division and River Kabul, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The different aciddigested environmental samples were analyzed for specified heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb) by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Potential risk to the health of the fish consumers was assessed in terms of estimated weekly intake (EWI) values of the heavy metals and compared with their respective provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) values set by international organizations. Generally, metal concentrations in muscles of the fish from the studied rivers were comparable. Generally, clear trends could not be observed for metal concentrations at different sites of the rivers when going from upstream to downstream. Regarding metal accumulation in fish muscles, generally, inter-species differences were statistically not significant, most probably due to more variance within samples. Generally, metal concentrations were higher in metabolically active tissues such as gills and liver compared to skin and muscles. Based on the current study, consumption of the analyzed freshwater fish species from the rivers was generally safe in terms of potential risk from Cd and Pb but the observed Ni accumulation may pose a potential health risk to regular/excessive fish consumers. Thus, efforts should be made to minimize heavy metal contamination in these freshwater ecosystems in order to safeguard the aquatic fauna and the health of the fish consumers.
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Translator’s Note

Translator’s Note

Any translation of the Qur’an is a human effort and cannot be a substitute for the ‘Arabic Qur’an’ - the spoken word of Allah – the One and Only God of everyone and everything.

Allah says: ‘Surely this is a Glorious Qur’an inscribed on the Preserved Tablet’ Q.85:21-22. He has taken the responsibility to guard it against the corruption of its Sacred Arabic Text - Q.15:09.

Millions of Muslims across all age groups have memorized the Qur’an and will continue to do so till the end of time. Its composition of 6,666 Ayat/Statements has distinguished it as the only book in human history to have been preserved in its original form. None of the other Divine Scriptures can claim that to be the case.

While translations in different languages can help in the expression of specific concepts, they fail to capture the essence of the Sacred Arabic Text. Hence, narrowing down the meaning of the Qur’an to specific concepts in a foreign language would mean missing out on certain important nuances in the language; a fact that must be kept in mind while reading any translation of the Qur’an.

Arabic is a Semitic language - the only language which has remained relevant and entirely unchanged during the last fifteen centuries.

The difference between the Arabic idiom from the English one is a matter of its syntactic cast and the mode in which it conveys ideas. It is exclusively due to the extreme flexibility of Arabic grammar, owing to the peculiar system of verbal ‘roots’ and the numerous stem forms which can be derived from them. Any translation, however meticulously written, can only provide an understanding of the...

Cytotoxic Assessment of Quinoline Based Derivatives on Liver Cancer Cell Line Quinoline compounds and their Cytotoxicity

Current scenario of newer diseases with multiple causes has drawn the attention of the researchers in the field of therapeutics and they are now inclined to identify molecules effective for targeted therapy. Objective: Quinoline (1-azanaphthalene); belongs to heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen compound. Some quinoline-based derivatives are also known for their anti-tumor activity. The study was planned to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of quinoline derivatives. Methods: Berberine; a quinoline compound was made part of study to make structural analogs which were docked against potential target proteins. Cytotoxic profiling of all derivatives was done using MTT cytotoxicity assay. Results: The pharmacoinformatic and structure activity relationship studies of analogs were done. The cytotoxic profiles were elucidated by comparing viability rates of analogs treated hepatic cancerous cell line with untreated hepatic cells and untreated mesenchymal stem cells as standards.  Marked cytotoxicity was seen in all molecules at low doses than reported in past studies with relevance to parent compound. Conclusions: The results will be further confirmed through various other cell culture assays targeting different marker proteins, pharmacoinformatics tools and structure activity relationship studies

Projective and Curvature Symmetries in Non-Static Spacetimes

The aim of this thesis is to study the projective and curvature symmetries in non-static spacetimes. A study of non-static spherically symmetric, non-static plane symmetric, non-static cylindrically symmetric and special non-static axially symmetric spacetimes according to their proper curvature collineations (CCS) is given by using the rank of the 6 × 6 Riemann matrix and direct integration techniques. We consider the non-static spherically symmetric spacetimes to investigate proper CCS. It has been shown that when the above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they turn out to be static spherically symmetric and form an infinite dimensional vector space. In the non- static cases CCS are just Killing vector fields. In case of non-static plane symmetric spacetimes, it has been shown that when above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they form an infinite dimensional vector space. We consider the non-static cylindrically symmetric and special non-static axially symmetric spacetimes to study the proper CCS. It has been investigated that when above spacetimes admit proper CCS, they also form an infinite dimensional vector space. We consider the special non-static plane symmetric spacetimes to investigate proper projective collineations. Following an approach developed by G. Shabbir in [39], which basically consists of some algebraic and direct integration techniques to study proper projective collineations in the above spacetimes. It has been shown that when the above spacetimes admit proper projective collineations, they become a very special class of the spacelike or timelike versions of FRW K=0 model.