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Home > Bioactive Potential of Fungus Induced Silybum Marianum Seedlings and Isolation of Antimicrobial Genes

Bioactive Potential of Fungus Induced Silybum Marianum Seedlings and Isolation of Antimicrobial Genes

Thesis Info

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Author

Kousar, Sumaira

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2015

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Biochemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9617/1/Sumaira_Kousar_Biochemistry_UAF_2015.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676725577029

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Living organisms are equipped with sophisticated mechanisms to minimize the hazards and threats offered by the nature and maximize their survival potential against strain imposed by environmental forces. Growing concern about the frequent use of analogous antibiotics leading to resistant pathogens and their harmful impacts on crop yield worldwide has fuelled an explosion in the field of plant defense response by coupling biotechnology to the medicinal plants. Increasing knowledge of the mechanisms underlying plant defense response has also encouraged the idea that sensitizing a plant towards microbial elicitors increases plant resistance to the potential pathogens. Considering the same thought of knowledge, this study was entailed to examine the bioactive potential of Silybum marianum under control and fungal stress. Peptide based multidimensional studied of the plant with reference to antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, cytotoxic and mutagenic potential were undertaken. A time course study of the extracts prepared under fungal stress strongly revealed the increased accumulation of proteins/peptides upto 8 hours post inoculation with a drop in the expression level at subsequent hours. Encouraging results regarding antibacterial potential towards gram negative species and highly significant antifungal potential were also observed. In addition to antimicrobial potential, plant also showed beneficial traits as antitumor and nonmutagenic against Agrobacterium tumefaciens and human cell lines respectively. As far as antioxidant and cytotoxic potential is concerned, all the extracts had excellent antioxidant capacity whereas among all, 8 h control and its treated time points showed slight cytotoxicity. Rewarding bioactive potential of Silybum marianum eventually led to the identification of peptides involved in cellular metabolism, plant growth and development, signal transduction and exclusively to the peptides involved in defense response. Antimicrobial gene isolation with subsequent cloning and heterologous expression has proved substantial pharmaceutical importance of the plant which may open novel avenues for biotechnological applications in agriculture.
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پسماندگی کے مظاہر

پس ماندگی کے مظاہر

                ’’کماری والا‘‘میں مصنف نے دیہی علاقے سے کہانی کا آغاز کیا۔وہاں کا ماحول ، ثقافت ،سادگی اور غربت و افلاس کی زندگی گزارتے ہوئے لوگوں کی مجبوریاں بیان کی ہیں لیکن یہ ناول کب ان باتوں سے ان پیچیدہ حالات کی طرف رخ کر لیتا ہے جہاں زندگی خودہی مجبوری لگنے لگتی ہے۔ملکی حالات ہوں ،دیہاتی زندگی ہو،شوبز نس کی چمکتی دنیا ہو ،سیاسی ایجنڈا ہو یا پھر مذہبی تکرارناطق نے ہر ایک کو اپنا موضوع بنایا اور ناول کے ذریعے معاشرے کے سامنے معاشرے ہی کی پس ماندگیوں کو عیاں کیا یقینا اس کے پاس الفاظ کا ذخیرہ ہے، انھیں تخیل پرعبور حاصل ہے۔وہ اپنے قلم کی طاقت سے حقیقت کے قریب کہانیاں لکھتے ہیں۔ان کی سوچ میں جیسے قاری کا نقشہ ابھرتا ہے اور معاشرے کا عمیق اور غائر مطالعہ کرنے کے بعد وہ بالکل قاری کو محسوس کرتے ہوئے لکھتے ہیں کہ انسان بعض اوقات ایک وقت میں کئی زندگیاں گزار رہا ہوتا ہے۔ایک پہ بہر حال وہ پردہ رکھتا ہیاور اس پردیکے پیچھے چھپی زندگی ہی آہستہ آہستہ اس پر زندگی کا گھیرا تنگ کر دیتی ہے۔

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اسلامی علوم و فنون میں ضلع ہری پور کی دینی شخصیات کی کتب کا تحقیقی جائزہ

In this article, twelve scholars of District Haripur have been discussed for their significant contribution in Islamic sciences and various religious issues. The fact remains that District Haripur has remained the center for Islamic education wherein almost every school of thought has existed. In this article, those scholars are provided expression who despite been a part of some particular school of thought, have always encouraged intra-faith harmony. For example, "Al Ribat li Rad Hiyla al Isqat" by Maulana Mohammad Azam contains plenty of updated information on this issue. Similarly, another book called as "Mu'in-ul-'Aqaid” by Maulana Mohammad Hassan, provides grounds for rejecting the hypocrisy of society in a befitting manner. Before writing this article, a session was held with those scholars who are still alive whereas details of those dead were collected from their family members.

An Evaluation of Early Childhood Special Education Program of Government Deaf & Defective Hearing School in Punjab

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate Early Childhood Special Education (ECSE) program of Government Deaf & Defective Hearing Schools (GDDHS) in Punjab. To serve this purpose, I conducted an in depth review of literature. Robert Stake‟s Countenance Model, being more suitable for the evaluation of educational programs was selected. According to this model, the ECSE program was evaluated following antecedents---transactions----outcomes pattern. The population of study included principals, special education teachers, young children with deafness, and their parents from all 34 Government Deaf & Defective Hearing Schools working in 31 districts of the Punjab province. A representative sample of principals, special education teachers, young children with deafness (YCWD), and their parents was taken according to the requirements of the study. Depending on the nature, and keeping the objectives and questions of the study in view, certain questionnaires, structured interviews, and achievement tests were prepared. To evaluate the ECSE program for young children with deafness at the antecedents phase, two instruments including: demographic information sheet about young children with deafness, and a structured interview schedule for principals were developed. Curriculum being taught to young children with deafness in GDDHS was also reviewed. At the transaction phase, three instruments including two questionnaires on instructional practices of special education teachers, and their opinions about parental involvement in the education of their young children with deafness, and one structured interview schedule for parents to know their satisfaction on and involvement in the provision of early childhood special education to their young children with deafness were developed. At the outcome phase, eight achievement tests on writing (Urdu & English), mathematics, reading recognition (Urdu & English), speech reading (Urdu & English), and speech were prepared. I collected all data personally. Analysis and interpretation of the collected data were performed in chapter IV applying descriptive and statistical techniques including frequency distribution of responses, t-test, and ANOVA. Qualitative data including review of ECSE curriculum, and interviews were analyzed using narrative technique, and transcribing, coding, and deriving themes which were, subsequently, analyzed on SPSS. The major findings revealed that ECSE program was not fulfilling its objectives of mobilizing parents, professionals, community, and other stakeholders for early detection and intervention of young children with deafness, providing ECSE to all children with deafness from 3-8 years old, teaching Urdu, English, and mathematics to make them functionally literate, preparing them for inclusive education through developing their speech, speech reading, language, communication, and auditory skills. Curriculum for ECSE was not up to the standard. No significant difference was found among instructional practices adopted by special education teachers. Their opinions about parental involvement in the education of their young children with deafness did not show significant difference except on the basis of their academic qualifications. Interviews with parents reflected their less satisfaction on and less involvement in the provision of ECSE to their young children with deafness. The results of achievement tests showed a significant difference in the performance of children with deafness in a deaf school located in Zone IV as compared to other three zones. The reasons included the excessive number of young children with deafness in classes, their late admissions, most of the children having congenital deafness and profound degree of hearing loss, unavailability of hearing aids, lack of additional coaching at home, most of the parents with poor socioeconomic status, and having more than one child with deafness, no plan of action for mobilization of parents, community, and other stake holders, lack of teacher training courses on ECSE, absence of the component of parental training, unavailability of text and work books, lapses in the implementation of inclusive education project, lack of teaching staff in schools, and deficiencies in the ECSE curriculum. All these were proving obstacles in achieving the objectives of ECSE program. On the basis of major findings it was recommended that to maintain quality, restricted number of young children with deafness should be kept in one class. Early detection and intervention, and admissions of children in schools at an early age should be ensured through media campaigns, pamphlets, banners, and visits to remote areas. The parents should be involved in the educational planning and decision making related to the placement of their children in future. Inter family marriages should be avoided. Hearing aids should be provided to all young children with deafness, and their regular use and maintenance should be ensured through developing a monitoring system. Training programs for teachers and parents should be arranged on regular basis. The serious issues of unavailability of text and work books, unimplementation of inclusive education plans, and development of curriculum of K.G.I and K.G.II should be resolved on emergent basis. The instructional practices adopted by the special education teachers should be improved and monitored.