The Women Activism in Pakistan: An Analysis of ‘Aurat March

In Pakistan, although women’s activism was initiated since the country came into existence, but a diverse activism was observed by the nation in the form of ‘Aurat March during 2018-2020. The current study examines the Western feminism, what it was initiated for and its accomplishments in the current time. By employing a discourse analysis approach to the ‘Aurat March event, this study highlights the women’s activism in Pakistan, ‘Aurat March and the antipathy faced by organizers and supporters from the public because of its strange slogans and ridiculous placards. It also observes the relationship between western feminism and ‘Aurat March activism from the perspective of the social, cultural, and religious transformation of society. The study finds the need to raise a constructive and logical voice for women’s rights with support of the public to eradicate social evils instead of focusing on insignificant matters. It has further recommended that there is a need to build a framework in which one may be able to differentiate women’s rights in the context of western feminism and the limitation of women’s emancipation in Islamic context.

A G R O - Physiological Studies of Wheat Tritic Maestivuml. under Different Management Systems

A study on "Agro Physiological study of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different management systems” was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Serai Nourang (Bannu), NWFP – Pakistan for 2-years during 2003-04 and 2004-05. This study comprised four research experiments. An experiment entitled “To study the effect of irrigation levels under various nitrogen levels” were studied, during this experiment five irrigation levels (120 mm, 230 mm, 360 mm, 470 mm and 600 mm) and five nitrogen doses (Control, 40 kg ha -1 , 80 kg ha -1 , 120 kg ha -1 and 140 kg ha -1 ) were evaluated. Data recorded from the irrigation treatments revealed that maximum (688.45) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (1.66), grains spike -1 (70.57), 1000-grain weight (47.98 g), grain yield (2677.00 kg ha - 1 ), biological yield (13978.00 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (11.91 %), protein (6.64 %), net income (Rs. 39300.00), BCR (3.27 %) and MRR % (327.35) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water. Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both year. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that nitrogen doses significantly affected all parameters except harvest index. It can be inferred from the data showed that maximum (713.50) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (1.74), grains spike -1 (67.06), 1000-grain weight (47.47 g), grain yield (2806.75 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10817.13 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (11.49 %), protein (6.33 %), net income (Rs. 34844.00), BCR (2.96 %) and MRR % (296.11) was noted from the plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 . The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. In case of interaction between irrigation and nitrogen it was observed that maximum (843.00) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (1.61), grains spike -1 (74.90), 1000-grain weight (49.72 g), grain yield (3150.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (16260.00 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (15.02 %), protein (14.94 %), net income (Rs. 48087.00), BCR (3.65 %) and MRR % (364.685) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water and fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two years average viThe 2 nd experiment was conducted to study the response of wheat to various irrigation levels and different seed rates, five irrigation levels (I 1 = 120 mm, I 2 = 230 mm, I 3 = 360 mm, I 4 = 470 mm and I 5 = 600 mm) and five seed rates (S 1 = 60 kg ha -1 , S 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , S 3 = 100 kg ha -1 , S 4 = 120 kg ha -1 and S 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ) were used.. Data recorded from the irrigation treatments revealed that maximum (362.35) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (64.80), leaf area index (4.24), 1000-grain weight (43.19 g), grain yield (3130.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (13167.50 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 44283.00), BCR (3.71 %) and MRR % (370.82) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water. The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that seed rates were significantly affected all parameters except biological yield and harvest index. It can be inferred from the data showed that maximum ((346.10) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (62.70), leaf area index (4.08), 1000-grain weight (43.15 g), grain yield (3160.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10403.00 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 39967.00), BCR (3.46 %) and MRR % (345.95) was noted from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 . In 2004-05 and both year average, almost the same trend was observed. In case of interaction between irrigation and seed rate it was observed that maximum (386.25) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (70.00), leaf area index (4.78), 1000-grain weight (45.20 g), grain yield (3800.00 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (14287.50 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 54043.00), BCR (4.26 %) and MRR % (426.35) was noted from the plots irrigated with 470 mm water and seed rate was used @ 120 kg ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two years average. Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both years An experiment entitled “Yield and yield components of wheat as affected by different seed rates and nitrogen levels” was conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05. Five seed rates (S 1 = 60 kg ha -1 , S 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , S 3 = 100 kg ha -1 , S 4 = 120 kg ha -1 and S 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ) and five nitrogen doses (N 0 = Control, N 1 = 40 kg ha -1 , N 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , N 3 = 120 kg ha -1 and N 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ) were applied. Analysis of the data recorded from the irrigation treatments showed that maximum (334.85) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (4.50), grains spike -1 (60.80), 1000-grain weight (41.91 g), grain yield (3957.64 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10172.40 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (7.13 %), protein (6.90 %), net income (Rs. 50225.00), BCR (4.28 %) and MRR % (428.27) was noted from the plots which were seeded with 120 kg ha -1 . Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both years. Statistical analysis of the data also viirevealed maximum (348.00) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (4.42) grains spike -1 (63.90), 1000-grain weight (42.19 g), grain yield (4145.14 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (10579.75 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (9.87 %), protein (8.09 %), net income (Rs. 52831.00), BCR (4.46 %) and MRR % (446.21) was noted from the plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 . The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. In case of interaction between irrigation and nitrogen it was observed that maximum (380.75) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (5.39), grains spike -1 (68.25), 1000-grain weight (44.20 g), grain yield (4663.20 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (11270.00 kg ha -1 ), protein in gains (11.82 %), protein (13.55 %), net income (Rs. 60179.00), BCR (4.88 %) and MRR % (488.25) was noted from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 seed rate and fertilized with 120 kg N ha -1 , while maximum leaf area index (1.57) was recorded from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 and fertilized with 80 kg N ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004- 05 and in two year average The 4 th experiment was conducted to study the response of different wheat varieties to various seed rates. The experiment consists of five different wheat varieties (V 1 = Nasir - 2k, V 2 = Salim - 2k, V 3 = Bakhtawar-92, V 4 = Fakhre-e-Sarhad and V 5 = Lucky J-03) were sown at five various seed rates (S1 = 60 kg ha -1 , S 2 = 80 kg ha -1 , S 3 = 100 kg ha -1 , S 4 = 120 kg ha -1 and S 5 = 140 kg ha -1 ). Data recorded from the varieties treatments revealed that maximum tillers m -2 (377.30), leaf area index (4.10), grains spike -1 (68.05), 1000-grain weight (45.24 g), grain yield (4022.50 kg ha - 1 ), biological yield (16660.92 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 61921.00), BCR (4.99 %) and MRR % (499.49) was noted from the plots sown with variety Fakhre Sarhad . The same trend was followed during 2004-05 and pooled data. Statistical analysis of the data also revealed that seed rates were significantly affected all parameters except biological yield and harvest index. It can be inferred from the data showed that maximum ((369.20) tillers m -2 , grains spike -1 (65.30), leaf area index (4.03), 1000- grain weight (45.30 g), grain yield (4222.80 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (15030.53 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 62119.00), BCR (5.18 %) and MRR % (518.03) was noted from the plots seeded with 120 kg ha -1 . In 2004-05 and in two years average, almost the same trend was observed. In case of interaction between varieties and seed rate it was observed that maximum (420.25) tillers m -2 , leaf area index (4.79), grains spike -1 (74.00), 1000-grain weight (47.33 g), grain yield (4676.25 kg ha -1 ), biological yield (19535.16 kg ha -1 ), net income (Rs. 66863.00), BCR (5.47 %) and MRR % (546.95) viiiwas noted from the plots sown with Fakhre Sarhad and seed rate was used @ 120 kg ha -1 . Similar trend was observed in 2004-05 and in two year average. Identical results were observed during 2004-05 and mean of both years.