ابروئوں کے خم میں گھبراتا ہے دل
ان لبوں کا مصرع بہلاتا ہے دل
گفتگو سن کر فصاحت داد دے
دیکھ کر چہرہ مچل جاتا ہے دل
تیرہ چہرہ خواب نگری کا امیں
جاگ جائوں پھر بھی سو جاتا ہے دل
روزِ اول سے جہانِ عشق میں
عقل کو ہر بات سمجھاتا ہے دل
آسمانوں سے کچھ آگے ناز سے
حضرتِ یزداں سے مل آتا ہے دل
تم سے ہے یہ سب جہانِ رنگ و بو
تم کو بھی یہ بات سمجھاتا ہے دل
یہ فراق آلود موسم ہے فضاؔ
ایسے موسم میں تو بھر آتا ہے دل
When talking about children’s abilities, they indeed cannot be separated from their educational or training background. Moreover, he has entered the working age that must have productivity in his work, especially at this time, where the era has entered the industrial revolution 4.0. The industrial revolution 4.0 is marked by the development of digitalization in various lines of life. On the one hand, the industrial revolution 4.0 had many positive impacts. However, on the other hand, as the McKinsey Global Institute states that as a result of the 4.0 industrial revolution in the next five years, there will be 52.6 million jobs that will decline and even disappear. This certainly will be a challenge for the centennial generation (children born from 1996-2011) at this time, which they have to survive with the existing conditions and situations. This paper will discuss several factors that describe and address issues such as what is meant by the centennial generation, literacy, and the urgency of literacy education for the centennial generation in the digital age. According to authors, thi is essential to discuss, given the increasingly rapid development and technological progress resulting in the loss of much work.
In this study, I have investigated the view of a bilingual language teacher regarding the role of first language in teaching English speaking skill at the primary level. I, therefore, conducted this study in a private English medium school, where the first language of teachers and students was Urdu. The school context also corresponded to my own context to a considerable level. This research was carried out through a case study in light of the nature of research question, how does a bilingual teacher view the role of first language in teaching English speaking skills in class five in a private school? The data was amassed through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings suggest that code switching was found as an alternative teaching strategy to develop the English speaking skills of students through facilitating the understanding of limited English proficient students. The study revealed that the native language of the teacher and students plays the role of self-facilitative tool. Hence, it enhances students' confidence and encourages involvement in classroom talk. The findings revealed that language teachers applied first language in teaching grammar patterns, background of a text, words with abstract meaning, and emphasizing in believing that his students are non-native speakers. As a result, explaining in first language is very important for clarifying comprehension related difficulties. Moreover, the study demonstrated that a lack of pedagogical knowledge impacted on the development of speaking skill and use of first language in classroom practices. Moreover, lack of social environment for the balanced development of both first and foreign language was identified. This had potential bearings on the development of speaking skill in the target language. There seemed to be less exposure to English in the immediate context (home and school and street). The findings reflected that first language was dominant inside and outside home.