Milk is a lacteal secretion obtained by milking of healthy animals in its natural form, free from colostrum contains a highly rich source of energy, protein, fats, minerals, trace elements, vitamins, enzymes and others. Oxytocin, a hormone, released by pituitary gland into the blood, stimulates the secretion of milk and is bound with myoepithilial cells to induce the contraction of mammary gland resulting the expulsion of milk into the milk ducts (let down). The use of exogenous oxytocin is increasing day by day in Pakistan, which could affect the consumer’s health and milk constituents. Selected breed of buffaloes (Nili Ravi) is the best dairy animals existing in Pakistan, with good milk production. Milk of 24 Nili Ravi buffaloes were collected fortnightly fromcontrol and oxytocin treated samples from Tarir Dairy Farm, Dhanola. The samples were analyzed to determine changes in composition, enzyme activity, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals due to oxytocin. Data obtained for each attribute was subjected to statistical analysis.Oxytocin administration to buffaloes resulted in increasedpH, proteins, lactose and solid-not-fat and decreased in fat percent. Alkaline phosphotase, acid phosphotase, lactoperoxidase activity, and thiocyanate were high in oxytocin treated buffaloes while lipase activity was increased in control. Caprylic acid(C 8 ), capric acid (C 10 ), myristic acid (C 14 ), palmitic (C 16 ) were high while butyric acid (C 4 ), caproic acid (C 6 ), lauric acid (C 12 ), steric acid (C 18 ), oleic acid (C 18:1 ), linoleic acid (C 18:2 ) were low in oxytocin treated buffalo. Vitamins (A, D, E and C) were increased in oxytocin treated buffaloes as compared to control. Sodium, phosphorus, copper were increased whereas decrease in potassium, iron and zinc in experimental group. From this study it is concluded that regular oxytocin injections should be discouraged because it not only affect the milk composition but also has a promising effect on health of the consumers.
ہم زندہ قوم ہیں نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب شاہینو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر لب کشائی کا موقع مل رہا ہے وہ ہے:’’ہم زندہ قوم ہیں‘‘ صدرِذی وقار! زندگی جہاں بھی ہو حرکت کی علامت ہے۔ حرکت ہے تو زندگی ہے، حیات ہے، زیست ہے، زندگی کی اپنی برکات ہوتی ہیں، جن کی اپنی رعنائیاں ہوتی ہیں، زندگی کے اپنے نشیب و فراز ہوتے ہیں، زندگی کا تصور ہی دلفریب مناظر کا داعی ہوتا ہے۔ جنابِ صدر! گل ٔپژ مردہ باعث نفرین ہوتا ہے، عروق مردہ کو حیات ِنو بخشنے کے لیے کافی تگ و دو کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے، مفلوج زدہ عضو کی بحالی کے لیے نظر یں کسی مسیحا کی متلاشی ہوتی ہیں، خزاں رسیدہ شجر پر بہار کی آمد نوید مسرت سے کم نہیں ہوتی۔ جنابِ صدر! زندگی رات کی تنہائیوں میں آئے تو بدر کامل کا احساس دلاتی ہے، زندگی فلک کی رفعتوں میں پہنچے تو آفتاب بن کر چمکتی ہے، زندگی بحرِ ظلمات میں غواّصی کرے تو نا خدا کا وجود بن جاتی ہے، زندگی اقوام میں اپنے وجود کا احساس دلائے تو اس گیتی کے ماتھے کا جھومر ثابت ہوتی ہے۔ صدرِذی وقار! اللہ کا شکر ہے کہ ہم زندہ قوم ہیں ، ہمارے افکار زندہ ہیں، ہمارے اطوار زندہ ہیں، ہماری سوچیںمثبت ہیں، ہمارے نوجوان حیات وزیست کا مجسمہ ہیں، ہمارے اسلاف کی نصائح زندگی کو تابندگی فراہم کرتی ہیں، ہمارے شعور علم وآگا ہی کانمونہ ثابت ہوتے ہیں۔ اس قوم کو شمشیر کی حاجت نہیں رہتی ہو جس کے جوانوں کی خودی صورتِ فولاد جنابِ صدر! ہمارا مجاہد سرحدوں پر زندہ ہے، ہمارا منصف انصاف کی کرسی پر زندہ ہے، ہمارا کسان...
Fish Aggregating Devices (FAD's) have long been used by fishermen in South Buton Regency. This study aims to determine the utilization of FAD distribution as a fishing aid by purse sein vessels in the waters of Kadatua District, South Buton Regency. This study aims to determine the utilization of FAD distribution as a fishing tool by purse sein vessels in Kadatua District, South Buton Regency. Data collection methods include FAD point data taken from GPS (Global Position System) fishermen and dominant catch data from purse sein fishermen. The results of the study obtained data on the distribution of FADs in Kadatua District spread between a distance of 0-12 miles, during the study the coordinates of FADs were obtained as many as 79 coordinate points owned by fishermen in Kadatua District. FADs used by purse sein fishermen to carry out fishing operations have 24 FAD points, which are spread over a distance of 0 – 12 miles. In April the distribution of FADs used as fishing aids by purse sein vessels was at a distance of ± 0 – 12 miles, while in May and June FADs used as fishing aids were at a distance of ± 2 – 12 miles. The dominant fish catch data for purse sein fishermen is 690 kg in April, 525 kg in May and 735 kg in June. The dominant catch during the study was dominated by scad fish (Decapterus spp). The level of effectiveness of the dominant catch of purse sein fishermen is highest at a distance of 4-12 miles with a total catch of 1,070 kg of the total catch of 1,950 kg.
Sociolinguistics Matters in Cross-Cultural Relations Pakistan has a rich and diverse cultural and linguistic composition. The principal ethnic groups include Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtons and Baluch. The demographic survey of Pakistan (1998) indicates that these ethnic groups are further divided into various sub-categories, linguistic groups and castes. The main languages include Urdu, Punjabi, Pushto, Balochi, Sindhi, Seraiki, Hindko and Dan. In the presence of such a diverse linguistic and cultural scenario, there are ample occasions of cross-cultural communication among them. These opportunities are created at the social, academic, political and occupational level of interaction. The focus of this research is an interesting type of cross-cultural relation that is to say the marriage between a man and a woman from different linguistic communities. It explores the language dynamics, attitudes and speech patterns within these families, as well as the levels of success in achieving family bilingualism. In addition, it attempts to scan and analyze the sensitivity of the children in such families towards the linguistic input provided to them. The researcher has conducted primary research on the sample selected through the technique of random sampling. She has used questionnaires as research instrument for the collection of data. This is followed by a quantitative and statistical analysis of the gathered responses and a qualitative evaluation of the data to scan the research findings. The researcher has discovered productive bilingualism in most couples as a result of high frequency of contact with each other's language community and an overall positive view about it. Awareness about the linguistic differences and the effort required to overcome the negative impact of these differences are also found. The researcher has also found the prevalence of elements like linguistic pressures especially on children and the occurrence of sociolinguistic phenomena of functional differentiation and role governed nature of linguistic choices. In the end, the researcher offers a view on possible long-term linguistic outcomes for these families and recommendations on the area of linguistic planning and the improvement of factors promoting bilingualism in such families.